The use of thulium fiber laser (TFL) as a potential alternative laser lithotripter to the clinical holmium:YAG laser is being studied. The TFL's Gaussian spatial beam profile provides efficient coupling of higher laser power into smaller core fibers without proximal fiber tip degradation. Smaller fiber diameters are more desirable, because they free up space in the single working channel of the...

Acoustic band gap (ABG) materials constituted of steel hollow cylinders immersed in water can exhibit a tunable narrow pass band (NPB) located inside their gap. We theoretically investigate, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the properties of waveguides composed of a row of hollow cylinders in a two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystal made of filled steel cylinders. These wav...

ABSTRACT: The mechanical parameters of constitutive equations for soil and rock can be determined by laboratory experiments in which a cylindrical specimen is commonly tested under uniaxial and triaxial compressive conditions. The distribution of stress in the specimen during the tests must be kept uniform and homogeneous. In this paper, numerical simulations are carried out to determine the di...

Steel structures are becoming more common in engineering construction as steel possesses excellent ductility, but members often vulnerable to buckling, especially under seismic or cyclic loading. Hollow structural sections (HSS) buckle locally loading due their thin walls and the need for rehabilitation strengthening is increasing. In present study, circular hollow section (CHS) have been stren...

A series of specified domains in Nu-Mu interaction diagram are proposed to determine optimal reinforcement schemes for rectangular RC column sections subjected to uniaxial eccentric load. These domains divide the area covered by interaction diagram into four regions of safety zone, compression-controlled zone, balanced failure zone and tensioncontrolled zone, which can help engineer to understa...