This article is a Commentary on Guo et al. (2021), 232: 98–112. ‘One can equally imagine using this research to optimize root system for broadacre cropping as creating grain-and-graze varieties that commit resources belowground improve soil health “regenerative agriculture” paradigm.’ Why the inclusion of respiration? Respiration uses carbon from photosynthesis, consuming O2 and releasing CO2, ...

M A N A G E M E N T A C C O U N T I N G Q U A R T E R L Y S U M M E R 2 0 0 8 , V O L . 9 , N O . 4 T he process of evaluating the desirability of long-term investment proposals is referred to as “capital budgeting.” Making optimum capital budgeting decisions (e.g., whether to accept or reject a proposed project), often requires recognizing and correctly accounting for flexibilities associated ...

This paper describes and evaluates the budgeting and planning processes in public hospitals in Kenya. We used a qualitative case study approach to examine these processes in two hospitals in Kenya. We collected data by in-depth interviews of national level policy makers, hospital managers, and frontline practitioners in the case study hospitals (n = 72), a review of documents, and non-participa...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic, stochastic, mechanistic simulation model of a dairy business to evaluate the cost and benefit streams coinciding with technology investments. The model was constructed to embody the biological and economical complexities of a dairy farm system within a partial budgeting framework. A primary objective was to establish a flexible, user-...

Traditional models of capital budgeting including taxes are based on deterministic tax rates and tax bases. In reality, however, there are multiple sources of tax uncertainty. Tax reforms induce frequent changes in both tax rates and tax bases, making future taxation of investments a stochastic process. Fiscal authorities and tax courts create additional tax uncertainty by interpreting current ...

1. The statement of the plans of all the departments of the business for a certain period of time in the form of estimates 2. The coordination of these estimates into a well-balanced program for the business as a whole. 3. The preparation of reports showing a comparison between the actual and the estimated performance, and the revision of the original plans when these reports show that such a r...