Independent, or demand, guarantees are strong securityinstruments. They designed to secure the properperformance of contractual obligations in commercialtransactions. In South Africa, independent guaranteesare a common feature construction projects where theinterests any main parties (that is, contractoror employer) may conceivably be secured. Essentially,independent constitute an undertaking b...

We assess the effect and timing of corporate arm ECB quantitative easing (CSPP) on bond issuance. Because several contemporaneous measures, to isolate programme effects we rely one key eligibility feature: euro denomination newly issued bonds. find that significant increase in bonds issuance by eligible firms is due CSPP this took at least six months unfold. This result holds even when comparin...

BACKGROUND Health science findings are primarily disseminated through manuscript publications. Information subsidies are used to communicate newsworthy findings to journalists in an effort to earn mass media coverage and further disseminate health science research to mass audiences. Journal editors and news journalists then select which news stories receive coverage and thus public attention. ...

91.3 Separation of Hierarchies................................................... 1178 91.4 Walk-Through of Issuance of a Certificate Containing a CSDT............................................................ 1179 91.5 Recovery Walk-Through .................................................... 1180 91.6 Known Issues ...................................................................... 1180 9...

In this paper we develop a model in which up to 30 employee stock options issued by the same firm can be valued simultaneously and demonstrate that standard methods of valuation can result in under-valuation, especially for long-dated options and for options where the proportion of outstanding options is large relative to the number of outstanding shares of equity. We also develop a version of ...

issuance value, redemption value and net value of issuance and redemption of investment units is called cash flow to mutual funds. this cash flow to mutual funds is used as an investor sentiment index, when there is significant relationship between cash flow to mutual funds and market return. in this paper, relationship between these two items is to be evaluated. monthly and weekly cash flow to...