s/ab002943.htm. 20. Briss PA, Rodewald LE, Hinman AR, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):97–140. 21. Stone EG, Morton SC, Hulscher ME, et al. Interventions that increase use of adult immunization and cancer screening services: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:641–51. 22. Tseng...

Defense against a single predatory attack strategy may best be achieved not by a single trait but by a combination of different traits. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by examining the unique shell traits (the protruded aperture and the denticles within the aperture) of the micro land snail Bensonella plicidens. We artificially altered shell characteristics by removing the denticles an...

lants should be administered to prevent emboliccomplications.WAIFE

BACKGROUND Crystallographic composition of urinary tract stone varies in several chemical groups and determines the degree of fragmentation to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) which has been widely used for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. Visual prediction of stone composition by its morphology from plain radiograph may provide a simple method and clinical hint to decid...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare demographic data in adult patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for kidney stone disease in university hospitals from Southeastern Anatolia and the Black Sea regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The demographic data of 535 (53.3%) patients undergoing PNL from Gaziantep University, Department of Urology (GAUN group), and 468 (46.6%) pati...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate possible predictive variables for the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) of renal stones in a single center. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2008 and March 2010, a retrospective review was performed of 115 patients who underwent SWL for solitary renal stones. The patients' characteristics and stone size, location, skin-to-stone distance (...

BACKGROUND Predictors for bile duct stone recurrence after endoscopic stone extraction have not yet been clearly defined and a study investigating naïve major duodenal papilla is warranted because studies focusing only on naïve major duodenal papilla are rare. The aim of this study was to observe the long-term outcomes of endoscopic bile duct stone extraction for naïve major duodenal papilla an...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of renal stones and to analyze the predictive factors for stone-free. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent RIRS for renal stones from January 2000 to July 2009. We identified 66 RIRSs (63 patients with 3 bilateral re...

BACKGROUND It can be assumed that stones in the urinary tract continuously increase in size by incorporating material from urine. Consequently, urine will exhibit depleted concentrations of lithogenic constituents when urinary stones are present in the patient's urinary tract. METHODS To calculate the influence of the depletion effect, we considered two different models of stone growth. In th...