This work summarizes various approaches to measuring symmetry of static and moving creatures. It outlines some problems with estimating symmetry of moving creatures: determination of the temporal direction of movement, aggregation of changing lifespan symmetry to a single value, and indeterminism of computer simulations.

It has recently been suggested that the nervous system employs forward models for the purpose of motor control. The evidence for this hypothetical computational structure comes from various sources, theoretical and experimental. The purpose of this commentary is to distinguish between three different structures that are used to support the forward model hypothesis: (1) output predictor, (2) sta...

A. For f > g ∈ ω let c∀f ,g be the minimal number of uniform trees with g-splitting needed to ∀-cover the uniform tree with f -splitting. c∃f ,g is the dual notion for the ∃ cover. Assuming CH and given א1 many (sufficiently different) pairs ( f2 , g2 ) and cardinals κ2 such that κ0 2 = κ2 , we construct a partial order forcing that c∃f2 ,g2 = c ∀ f2 ,g2 = κ2 . For this, we introduce a c...

This paper addresses some of the central questions currently related to 3-Dimensional Inhabited Virtual Worlds (3D-IVWs), their virtual interactions, and communication, drawing from the theory and methodology of sociology, interaction analysis, interpersonal communication, semiotics, cultural studies, and media studies. First, 3D-IVWs--seen as a new and unique form of multimedia--are introduced...