What is a non-strict functional language? Is a non-strict language necessarily lazy? What additional expressiveness brings non-strictness, with or without laziness? This paper tries to shed some light on these questions. First, in order to characterize non-strictness, di1erent evaluation strategies are introduced: strict, lazy, and lenient. Then, using program examples, how these evaluation str...

Non-strict evaluation improves the expressive power of functional languages at the expense of an apparent loss of eeciency. In this paper we give examples of this expressive power, taking as an example an interactive functional program and describing the programming techniques depending on non-strict evaluation which improved its design. Implementation methods for non-strict languages have deli...

Educational attainment is widely assumed to be positively correlated with civic participation in the United States. Yet Asian immigrants represent a paradox because they often report low rates of despite having relatively high educational attainment. This study investigates how place mediates among six immigrant groups We use concept simultaneity examine extent which foreign and domestic enviro...

This article analyses the connections between worlds of fine art and fashion through complex interconnections Parisian-Eastern European creative exile. It follows common threads Ukrainian-Jewish artist designer Sonia Delaunay (1885–1979) prominent inter-war Parisian Romanians: namely, Tristan Tzara, Constantin Brâncuși Lizica Codreanu. I suggest concept ‘simultaneous migrations’ to illustrate f...

We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for strict local minimisers of differences of convex (DC) functions, as well as related results pertaining to characterisation of (non-strict) local minimisers, and uniqueness of global minimisers.