tomato is an important vegetable crop in iran. recently symptoms associated with phytoplasma disease were observed in tomato cultivars in karaj vicinity. the phytoplasmas were detected and characterized using single-tube nested pcr and rflp. the universal primer pairs amplified the target dna with expected sizes from symptomatic samples in direct pcr and single-tube nested pcr. the patterns of ...

cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) belongs to the genus cucumovirus in the family bromoviridae. althaea officinalis, commonly known as hollyhocks in the family malvaceae, is an annual plant whose fruit, flower and root are used as medicinal products. in this study, five samples of hollyhocks leaves with viral symptoms were collected and cmv was detected using das-elisa from the samples. ta-alth isolat...

the members of anopheles maculipennis subgroup (diptera: culicidae) are the most important vectors of malaria in the north, west, and central plateau of iran. this study was carried out to differentiate the species composition of this subgroup based on morphometric variation seta 2-iv and v (antepalmate hair) among 149 larval specimens that were deposited at the medical arthropods museum, the s...

Introduction: Indomethacin increases generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have a crucial role in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Coenzyme Q10 has an antioxidant activity on mitochondria and cell membranes and protects lipids from oxidation and is essential for stabilizing biological membranes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as one of the defense mechanisms ag...

In this paper, persents the definitions of strongly prime ideal, strongly prime N-subgroup, Pseudo-valuation near ring and Pseudo-valuation N-group. Some of their properties have also been proven by theorems. Then it is shown that, if N be near ring with quotient near-field K and P be a strongly prime ideal of near ring N, then is a strongly prime ideal of ‎‎, for any multiplication subset S of...

in this paper, we will give necessary and sufficient conditions for certain hnnextensions of subgroup separable groups with normal associated subgroup to be conjugacyseparable. in fact, we will show that these hnn extensions are conjugacy separable if and onlyif the normalizer of one of its associated subgroup is conjugacy separable.

let $g$ be a finite group with the identity $e$‎. ‎the subgroup intersection graph $gamma_{si}(g)$ of $g$ is the graph with vertex set $v(gamma_{si}(g)) = g-e$ and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent in $gamma_{si}(g)$ if and only if $|leftlangle xrightrangle capleftlangle yrightrangle|>1$‎, ‎where $leftlangle xrightrangle $ is the cyclic subgroup of $g$ generated by $xin g$‎. ‎in th...

a subgroup $h$ is said to be $s$-permutable in a group $g$‎, ‎if‎ ‎$hp=ph$ holds for every sylow subgroup $p$ of $g$‎. ‎if there exists a‎ ‎subgroup $b$ of $g$ such that $hb=g$ and $h$ permutes with every‎ ‎sylow subgroup of $b$‎, ‎then $h$ is said to be $ss$-quasinormal in‎ ‎$g$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we say that $h$ is a weakly $ss$-quasinormal‎ ‎subgroup of $g$‎, ‎if there is a normal subgroup ...

a result of dixon‎, ‎evans and smith shows that if $g$ is a locally (soluble-by-finite) group whose proper subgroups are (finite rank)-by-abelian‎, ‎then $g$ itself has this property‎, ‎i.e‎. ‎the commutator subgroup of $g$ has finite rank‎. ‎it is proved here that if $g$ is a locally (soluble-by-finite) group whose proper subgroups have minimax commutator subgroup‎, ‎then also the commutator s...