It is well khown that welding arcs emit intense ultraviolet radiation and those who conduct welding operations or work nearby are exposed to the radiation and often suffer injuries. It is desirable to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation from the viewpoint of industrial health. But, there have been few quantitative studies of this radiation. We determined the ultraviolet effective irradiance, bas...

In the present study, effect of inclusions characteristics changing on the formation of acicular ferrite in submerged arc welding of API5l-X65 low alloy steel was investigated. Three different welding fluxes with different chemical composition and basicity index of 0.72, 0.82 and 0.99, and two different welding heat inputs of 1.6 kJ / mm and 2.4 kJ / mm were used to create inclusions with diffe...

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a nonconsumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually an inert gas such as argon), and a filler metal is normally used, though some welds, known as autogenous welds, do not require it. A const...

Most previous welding simulations are based on a flat weld pool surface and become unmeaningful when the surface deformation is significant. In recent years, some researchers have developed numerical models capable of simulating free surface motion in welding processes, but they focus on the discussions of physical equations, boundary conditions, and solutions, rather than the numerical algorit...