Synthetic bone graft substitutes have evolved in response to the downsides of autograft and allograft. This article consolidates the literature regarding the use of mineral bone graft substitutes in the treatment of cavitary bone defects. No level I studies regarding their use in the treatment of bone tumors have been performed, but the clinical studies that have been published indicate that ca...

The objective of this study was to compare zinc sources and levels of supplementation on laying hen performance. Bovan White Leghorn hens were fed one of six dietary treatments in a 2x3 factorial arrangement consisting of two zinc sources (Availa®Zn or zinc sulfate) and three levels (40, 80, or 120 ppm). Treatments were randomly assigned to 48 cages with five hens/cage. Blocks provided eight re...

[1] We present here a fully coupled global aerosol and chemistry model for the troposphere. The model is used to assess the interactions between aerosols and chemical oxidants in the troposphere, including (1) the conversion from gas-phase oxidants into the condensed phase during the formation of aerosols, (2) the heterogeneous reactions occurring on the surface of aerosols, and (3) the effect ...

The crystal structure of the title compound, cadmium sulfate monohydrate or poly[(μ2-aqua)(μ4-sulfato)-cadmium], was redetermined based on modern CMOS (complementary metal oxide silicon) data. In comparison with the previous study [Bregeault & Herpin (1970 ▸). Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr. 93, 37-42], all non-H atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters and the hydrogen-...

Landfills have the potential to mobilize arsenic via induction of reducing conditions in groundwater and subsequent desorption from or dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with materials from a landfill where such processes are occurring. These experiments explored the potential for induced sulfate reduction to immobilize dissolved arsenic...

Sulfate-reducing bioreactors are a promising option for the treatment of acid mine drainage. We studied the structure and function of a biofilm in a methanol-fed fixed-bed in-lake reactor for the treatment of an acidic pit lake by a combination of laboratory incubations, chemical and molecular analyses and confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine whether competition by different groups o...

In this study, we report on the distribution and mineralogy of micron-sized mineral aggregates formed in the top horizon of an acid sulfate soil. The distribution and oxidation state of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) were also determined. The soil used in this study was formed from pyritic shale parent materials on the east side of the California Coast Range. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescenc...

Concrete with gangue which made with ordinary Portland cement at different water binder ratio (0.35, 0.40 and 0.45) or ordinary Portland cement at water binder ratio of 0.35 incorporating 10% fly ash or 20% fly ash; 20% fly ash and 1% early strength agent, slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% slag were made and exposed to a wetting–drying sulfate environment. The comp...