O6-Ethylthioethyldeoxyguanosine has been synthesized from 6-chloro-3',5'-di-O-acetyldeoxyguanosine and characterized by UV, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. High-pressure liquid chromatography studies have shown that this modified nucleoside is formed when the one-armed sulfur mustard, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, reacts with deoxyguanosine. This result supports the hypothesis that the mutage...

The our main goal of the present research is evaluating the performance of MnO2 nanoparticles-AgX zeolite composite as a novel adsorbent catalyst for the decontamination reactions of two most known sulfur mustard simulants; 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (2-CEPS), 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) at room temperature and monitoring by Gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and G...

Sulfur mustard has been used as a vesicant chemical warfare agent. To investigate the ocular damage it causes, we studied the effects on chemical casualties in the Iran-Iraq War. The patient population consisted of more than 5,000 chemical casualties, both military and civilian. The range of ocular damage was wide. The most common ocular effects were conjunctivitis and photophobia. Patients wit...

The microbial degradation of thiodiglycol, the primary hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, by a pure culture of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans ssp. xylosoxydans (SH91) was accomplished in laboratory scale stirred tank reactors. This is a major component of the overall biodegradation process proposed for the complete mineralization of sulfur mustard. Several configurations were evaluated for degrada...

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring sulfur mustard, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to sulfur mustard. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods o...

Human NFU forms a complex with NifS-like proteins and is a functionally competent reducing agent for cysteinyl persulfide bond cleavage, releasing inorganic sulfide for incorporation into the ISU-bound [2Fe-2S] cluster.

We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1...

Chemical agents such as mustard gas (or sulfur mustard), which has alkylating characteristics, were used against Iranian combatants in the Iraq-Iran war. Previous studies have not shown a strong link between these chemical agents and the development of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the increased risk of CML development in Iranian soldiers exposed t...

the our main goal of the present research is evaluating the performance of mno2 nanoparticles-agx zeolite composite as a novel adsorbent catalyst for the decontamination reactions of two most known sulfur mustard simulants; 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (2-ceps), 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-cees) at room temperature and monitoring by gas chromatography flame ionization detector (gc-fid) and g...

Sulfur mustard (SM) or bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide is a vesicant and alkylating chemical weapon. SM was used in the 1980s against Iran by Iraqi forces. After exposure to SM in initial acute phase the greatest damage is incurred by the eyes, skin and lungs and the highest damage is caused to the lungs. This injury not only in the acute phase but also in the long-term has the highest prevalence a...