We report a case of left sided aortic arch with three branches - a bi-carotid trunk, left subclavian, artery and right subclavian artery. The anomalous right subclavian artery presented a retroesophageal course. A right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve was noticed. The embryonic development of this branching pattern is discussed.

BACKGROUND Supraglottic airway devices are increasingly important in clinical anesthesia and prehospital emergency medicine, but there are only few data to assess the risk for aspiration. We designed this study to compare the seal of seven supraglottic airway devices in a cadaver model of elevated esophageal pressure. METHODS The classic laryngeal mask airway, laryngeal mask airway ProSeal, i...

DESCRIPTION A 61-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of epigastralgia and back pain without nausea, vomiting, haematemesis or melena. He reported that he had untreated hypertension. On examination, his upper extremity blood pressures were 180/100 (right arm) and 177/98 mm Hg (left arm). His abdomen was soft and flat, but showed epigastric tenderness without rebound tenderness or muscle ...

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare and controversial form of upper intestinal obstruction in which the third part of the duodenum is compressed by the overlying superior mesenteric artery. Any disease process decreasing the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta can result in the external compression of the duodenum and subsequent intestinal obstruction....

Lesions to the laryngeal nerves, despite their low incidence, are the most severe long term complications after thyroidectomy.Visualization after careful dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is now the gold standard among thyroid surgeons. The Zuckerkandl tubercle (TZ) is a constant landmark for the identification of the RLN. Recent studies show the occurrence of two or more branch...

cosal neural sheath tumors derived from Schwann’s cells. Approximately 25 to 45% of all schwannomas present in the head and neck with most occurring in the parapharyngeal space. However, schwannomas of the larynx arising from the aryepiglottic fold, epiglottis, false or true vocal cord are quite rare, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all laryngeal neoplasms (1). It is believed to arise from...