The article describes a woman with 53 year-old that has presented diplopia when looking down and adopted a tilted head position in order to read for the last six months. The neuro-ophthalmic examination shows isolated right superior oblique muscle paresis. The magnetic resonance and the angioresonance show the dolicoectatic basilar artery compressing the right ventral lateral brainstem.

A study was made of the eye muscles activated by faradic stimulation of the frontal cortex, midbrain tegmentum, and oculomotor nerve of the macaque. The traditional view concerning the actions of the individual muscles was not confirmed. The vertical recti were found to be effective elevators and depressors of the eyes regardless of the position of the eye in the horizontal plane. At the brain ...

The selectivity of axonal regeneration to the extraocular muscles in teleosts has been reinvestigated by mapping, with retrogradely transported HRP, the motor pools of the muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. In normal goldfish, the motoneurons of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles formed discrete, nonoverlapping motor pools; the motor pool of the medial r...

Although there is detailed knowledge on the organization of the motor neurons supplying the extraocular muscles, there are still some discrepancies concerning the results of different studies. This study is planned to reexamine the distribution of the motor neurons in the oculomotor nucleus of the rat. In the present study we used 20 young adult Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups which represen...

Vertical fusional vergence (VFV) normally compensates for slight vertical heterophorias. We employed magnetic resonance imaging to clarify extraocular muscle contributions to VFV induced by monocular two-prism diopter (1.15°) base-up prism in 14 normal adults. Fusion during prism viewing requires monocular infraduction. Scans were repeated without prism, and with prism shifted contralaterally. ...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of slanting muscle insertions for "A" and "V" exotropia. METHODS We performed slanting recession and resection of medial or lateral rectus muscles. A slanting surgical incision creating a 3-4 mm difference between the upper and lower margins of the muscles was performed in 28 patients with "A" or "V" exotropia ( "...

PURPOSE To study the size and contractile changes of the normal superior oblique (SO) muscle using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to evaluate the abnormalities in these characteristics produced by SO palsy. METHODS Multiple coronal MRI image planes were obtained using a surface coil to span the antero-posterior extent of each orbit and were repeated in multiple directio...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the intraorbital structures regarding to endoscopic sinus surgery and external frontal sinus surgery analyzing computer tomography (CT) scans. METHODS The CT scans of 100 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The anatomic relationships between the intraorbital structures and paranasal structures were measured using multiplanar recon...