Nitric oxide (NO) induces a covalent modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from various tissues. This phenomenon, which has previously been interpreted as an auto-ADP-ribosylation, is in fact a covalent binding of NAD+ to the enzyme. In the present study, we show that 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) is much more efficient than sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in stimulatin...

Oxygen free radicals or oxidants that arise from molecular oxygen by successive single-electron reduction reactions, include the superoxide anion (O2), the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) (Chan 1996). Physiological levels of free radicals are needed for redox sensitive signal pathways, cell development and cell apoptosis (Chan 2001). During brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)...

Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils produce superoxide and other free radicals which are important in killing bacteria. The focus of this paper is the inhibition by ethanol of superoxide production and anti-bacterial activity. The signal transduction pathways leading to superoxide production by phagocytic cells will be reviewed. Our hypothesis is that ethanol alters these signal transduction p...

Hypochlorous acid and its acid-base counterpart, hypochlorite ions, produced under inflammatory conditions, may produce chloramides of glycosaminoglycans, perhaps through the binding of myeloperoxidase directly to the glycosaminoglycans. The N-Cl group in the chloramides is a potential target for reducing species such as Cu(I) and superoxide radicals. Laser flash photolysis has been used here t...

It has become clear since the workshop that free radicals are implicated not only in the promotion phase of carcinogenesis but during initiation as well. Since the workshop, however, despite intriguing trapping studies with Superoxide disimilase. catalase, and Cu-DIPS [copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2] and generation of OJ using xanthine oxidase, little substantive evidence has been obtai...