The production costs of government are public expenditures on the goods and services which uses. These include compensation for employees (i.e. wages) purchases (e.g. supplies schools hospitals). They do not spending that does involve a purchase good or service social welfare, unemployment benefits other transfers). Outsourcing is portion used to buy from entities outside government, i.e. priva...

It is not enough known about differences in cost to provide anesthesia care for different surgical disciplines. Aims: In attention to check possibility for rationalization, study aims are: identification, measuring, economically evaluation and analyzing the costs of anesthesia care for different surgical disciplines.Methods: In this retrospective study, the authors determined the direct costs (...

Managing the purchasing task in the supply chain has been a challenge in the last decade for many corporations. The need to gain a global competitive edge on the supply side has increased substantially. Particularly for companies who spend a high percentage of their sales revenue on parts and material supplies, and whose material costs represent a larger portion of total costs, savings from sup...

Despite a large proportion of woman attending ANC during pregnancy, significant percentage still avoid delivering at the health facility. This increases risk adverse pregnancies outcomes and deaths. Knowledge factors associated with decision against facility delivery is limited. The main objective was to describe maternal despite attendance in Kakamega Central Sub-County. A community based cros...

conclusions the hc2 intervention shows potential for generating cost savings. cost analyses of programs of this type are helpful to policymakers and program planners to allocate resources for obesity prevention programs in school and childcare settings. results the total cost of hc2 intervention was 206319 $. the average cost per child in year 1 was 113.90 $. the average cost per child for the ...

Drinking water quality monitoring programs aim to support provision of safe drinking water by informing water quality management. Little evidence or guidance exists on best monitoring practices for low resource settings. Lack of financial, human, and technological resources reduce a country's ability to monitor water supply. Monitoring activities were characterized in Cambodia, Colombia, India ...

OBJECTIVE Multiunit housing (MUH) operators may be motivated to adopt smoke-free policies to achieve cost savings. MUH caretakers provide a unique perspective for understanding the implications of smoke-free policies because of their role in property maintenance. We examine MUH caretakers' perceptions regarding the economic and personal impact of smoke-free policies at their properties. METHO...

PURPOSE To compare health care costs and their components in patients with chronic illnesses. DESIGN Quasi-experimental retrospective database analysis of an integrated state-Medicaid dataset. METHODS Nine chronic illnesses and 28 two-disease combinations were evaluated in 284,060 patients. Dependent variables were total cost and the component costs (hospital, physician, home health and med...

abstract background and purpose fluoride is one of the fundamental and required components in human body. the current study intends to survey the status of fluoride in drinking water supplies ( underground water source and drinking water) in qaemshahr city from 2006 (march/21) to 2012(march/19) and comparison with universal standards, national and climatic conditions. materials and methods this...