Field and remote sensing observations in the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet have revealed a diverse range of ice surface characteristics, primarily reflecting the variable distribution of fine debris (cryoconite). This debris reduces the surface albedo and is therefore an important control on melt rates and ice sheet mass balance. Meanwhile, studies of ice sheet surface biological pro...

Thermal ablation is a promising mechanism to increase permeability of the skin's outer barrier layer of stratum corneum while sparing deeper living tissues. In this study, finite element modeling predicted that the skin surface should only be heated on the microsecond timescale in order to avoid significant temperature rises in living cells and nerve endings in deeper tissue. To achieve such sh...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of air pressure, water flow rate, and pulse frequency on the removal speed of enamel and dentin as well as on their surface morphology. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty-four bovine incisors were horizontally cut in slices. Each sample was mounted on an experimental assembly, allowing precise orientation. Eighteen cavities were prepared, nine in enamel and nine i...

PURPOSE To identify an optimal customized ablation strategy in the treatment of eyes with secondary irregular astigmatism. METHODS Corneal anterior surface elevation maps of 50 eyes with secondary irregular astigmatism after decentered laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and 50 virgin eyes were used for customized ablation simulations. Two ablation simula...

Pulsed lasers emitting wavelengths near 400 nm can selectively ablate dental calculus without damaging underlying and surrounding sound dental hard tissue. Our results indicate that calculus ablation at this wavelength relies on the absorption of porphyrins endogenous to oral bacteria commonly found in calculus. Sub- and supragingival calculus on extracted human teeth, irradiated with 400-nm, 6...

We investigate laser ablation of crystalline silicon induced by a femtosecond optical vortex beam, addressing how beam properties can be obtained by analyzing the ablation crater. The morphology of the surface structures formed in the annular crater surface allows direct visualization of the beam polarization, while analysis of the crater size provides beam spot parameters. We also determine th...

Ablation of silicon sample in air under irradiance single anddouble laser pulses with wavelengths 355 and 532 nm was studied by means ofoptical scanning electron microscopy, raman spectroscopy, profilometryof craters as well video registration plasma's plume radiationin time. Dependence specific sample's material removal on fluenceand time interval between coupled bichromatic wasestablished. Sp...

Excimer laser ablation of gold films deposited on a quartz crystal microbalance is investigated. The ablation rate is directly obtained from the frequency shift of the microbalance. The measured single-shot ablation rate is found to be at least two orders of magnitude higher than the numerical predictions based on a surface vaporization model. Surface morphologystudies indicate that hydrodynami...