We report new laboratory studies of the radiation-induced destruction of glycine-containing ices for a range of temperatures and compositions that allow extrapolation to martian conditions. In situ infrared spectroscopy was used to study glycine decay rates as a function of temperature (from 15 to 280 K) and initial glycine concentrations in six mixtures whose compositions ranged from dry glyci...

Recent research has enhanced the development of substrates that serve as models of extracellular matrix and their use in studies of cell adhesion and migration. Advances include the development of methods to prepare substrates having ligands immobilized in controlled densities and patterns, and recent work that is developing dynamic substrates which can modulate, in real-time, the activities of...

Nanoscale devices are expected to provide important advances for a number of applications. While many methods to generate nanoscale patterns exist, their use is confined to a relatively narrow range of materials. To fabricate nanoscale structures of a material with useful properties, the most convenient route is to transfer the geometry of an existing pattern into another material. Methods to a...

A method for conjugation of ligands to the surface of exosomes was developed using click chemistry. Copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) is ideal for biocojugation of small molecules and macromolecules to the surface of exosomes, due to fast reaction times, high specificity, and compatibility in aqueous buffers. Exosomes cross-linked with alkyne groups using carbodiimid...

We review the young field of ab initio molecular dynamics applied to molecule-surface reactions. The techniques of ab initio molecular dynamics include methods that use an analytic potential energy function fit to ab initio data and those that are fully ab initio. In this review, we focus on the insights provided by ab initio-based molecular dynamics that are currently unavailable from experime...

The idea that electronic circuit boards can be made by connecting designed molecular components has fired the imagination of chemists for many years. Much research has focused on the construction of molecules that mimic the properties of wires, transistors and other devices that are typically associated with electronic circuitry. One of the questions that has always lurked in the shadows of suc...

Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( X P S ) and laserinduced thermal desorption (LD), combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, were used to study the etching of olycrystalline Si (poly-Si) and single crystal Si(lO0) in high density (1-2 x 10fl ions/cm3), low presswe (0.510 mTorr) C12MBr-containing, helical resonator plasmas. The XPS measurements on both unmasked S...

Interest in bimetallic catalysts has risen steadily over the years because of the commercial success of these systems [1]. This success results from an enhanced ability to control the catalytic activity and selectivity by tailoring the catalyst composition [2,3]. A long-standing question regarding such bimetallic systems is the nature of the properties of the mixed metal system which give rise ...