Functional composition can be computed efficiently, robustly, and precisely over polynomials and piecewise polynomials represented in the Bézier and B-spline forms [6, 8, 20]. Nevertheless, the applications of functional composition in geometric modeling have been quite limited. In this work, as a testimony to the value of functional composition, we first recall simple applications to curve-cur...

the previous studies show that a high percentage of traffic accidents take place in two-lane rural highways and most of which happen at horizontal curves. meanwhile the horizontal alignment is often subject to hard topographic conditions where because of economic aspects designers are forced to design horizontal curves at grades. vertical angle of longitudinal slope reduces the normal force of ...