The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) has come in for severe criticism recently and has even been labelled "stupid" by the supposed guardian of its provisions, President of the European Commission Romano Prodi. A member of possible refinements have been proposed by several governments notably those of France and the United Kingdom as well as by many academic economists. Since most of these propos...

Underlying somatosensory processing deficits of joint rotation velocities may cause patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to be more unstable for fast rather than slow balance perturbations. Such deficits could lead to reduced proprioceptive amplitude feedback triggered by perturbations, and thereby to smaller or delayed stabilizing postural responses. For this reason, we investigated whether ...

We compare four different model geometries for particles with small-scale surface roughness. The geometries are based on regular and stochastic surface perturbations, as well as on 2Dand 3D-roughness models. We further compare T-matrix and discrete dipole computations. Particle size parameters of 5 and 50 are considered, as well as refractive indices of 1.6+0.0005i and 3+0.1i. The effect of sma...

The contribution of rainfall forcing errors relative to model (structural and parameter) uncertainty in the prediction of soil moisture is investigated by integrating the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM), forced with hydro-meteorological data, in the Oklahoma region. Rainfall-forcing uncertainty is introduced using a stochastic error model that generates ensemble rainfall fields from sa...

Abstract We consider a surface with negative curvature in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3,$$ R 3 , which is cubic perturbation of the saddle. For this surface, we prove new restriction theorem, analogous to theorem for paraboloids proved by L...

Abstract An effective method to understand cloud processes and assess the fidelity with which they are represented in climate models is controlling factor framework, properties linked variations large-scale dynamical thermodynamical variables. This study examines how midlatitude radiative effects (CRE) over oceans co-vary four factors: mid-tropospheric vertical velocity, estimated inversion str...

We present a probabilistic framework tailored for solar energy applications referred to as the Weather Research and Forecasting-Solar ensemble prediction system (WRF-Solar EPS). WRF-Solar EPS has been developed by introducing stochastic perturbations into most relevant physical variables irradiance predictions. In this study, we comprehensively discuss impact of on forecasting compared determin...

The effects of variations in jet width on the downstream growth of baroclinic waves are studied, using a simple quasigeostrophic model with a vertically varying basic state and variable channel width, as well as a simplified primitive equation model with a basic state that varies in latitude and height. This study is motivated by observations that in midwinter in the Pacific the storm track is ...