Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is the major cause of impairment of US surface waters. The dominant source of NPS pollution is agricultural activity, and "traditional" pollutants nutrients, sediments, and pathogens are the main detrimental constituents. Erosion from cropland has been declining and is expected to decline further in the 1990s, but it is unclear how this will translate into change...

1. Water and the Environment 1.1. The Hydrological Cycle 1.2. Surface Water and Groundwater 1.3. Aquatic Ecosystems 1.4. Water Quality and Health 1.5. Climate Variability and Water Resources 1.6. Climate Change and Water Resources 1.7. Other Threats Linked to Water Resources 2. Water and Food: Agriculture 2.1. Water Requirements 2.2. Farming with Agrochemicals 2.3. Water and Animal Production S...

Water pollution events may arise rapidly, requiring a methodology that is easy to implement, fast to deploy, and sufficiently sensitive to detect the trace presence of hazardous contaminants. A cheap and easy to use silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) miniature passive sampler is described. In order to test the methodology, pollutants were concentrated, in situ, from surface water in ...

Soil is a complex physical and biological system that provides support, water, nutrients and oxygen to the plants. Apart from these, it acts as a connecting link between inorganic, organic and living components of the ecosystem. In recent years, presence of xenobiotics, alterations in the natural soil environment, application of pesticides/inorganic fertilizers, percolation of contaminated surf...

background : collection and storage of roof rain water have been practiced for long time ago in iran and many other countries. water of cisterns is usually used as potable water. in golestan province many of rural torkman residents reservoir the most part of their potable water from roof rain in cisterns. in this province there are over 2600 cisterns. methods : to study the water quality, micro...

Using panel data on water pollution in Brazilian rivers, we study inter-jurisdictional externalities when more jurisdictions start managing the same river segment. Counties split at each election cycle, which change the locations of borders. This allow us to identify the effects of border crossings and the spatial pattern of pollution as rivers approach borders, controlling for fixed effects an...

since heavy metals are considered as one of the major pollutants threatening, the main goal of this study was to bring out the concentrations of pb, zn and mn in the surface sediments off bushehr in the persian gulf. for this purpose, after collection of samples, the concentrations of the three metals in surface sediments were measured through the atomic absorption. the results were compared wi...

Qiandao Lake (Xin’an Jiang reservoir) plays a significant role in drinking water supply for eastern China, and it is an attractive tourist destination. Three multivariate statistical methods were comprehensively applied to assess the spatial and temporal variations in water quality as well as potential pollution sources in Qiandao Lake. Data sets of nine parameters from 12 monitoring sites duri...

lack of sewage collection systems, percolation of surface waters, and seepage of wells have raised the groundwater table in shiraz area in the south of iran. the growing population generates environmental pollution resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwaters used for agriculture. inorganic and organic pollutants have been traced in shiraz water resources. heavy metal...