Narratives of commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS) as ‘baby-selling’ often conflate or interchange the transfer children born via with trafficking in sale children, two sometimes overlapping but nonetheless distinct offenses. Moreover, anti-trafficking laws have been used to police cross-border CGS. But when do CGS arrangements fall within category legitimate ‘reproductive tourism’ and they a...

Innovation in assisted reproductive technologies together with increased infertility and new family structures are increasing the use of gestational surrogacy as a means to have children. Before, during and after the process, it is necessary to study the psychosocial characteristics of triad members: the gestational surrogate, intended parents, and offspring. Research has indicated positive ada...

s:2087:"Background: Surrogacy is one of the scientific revolutions in infertility domain in recent decades. Despite the widespread use of this technique especially surrogacy in Iran, studies about experiences of its clients are rare. Optimal care of commissioning mothers in surrogacy, requires proper understanding the process of motherhood. The aim of this study was exploration of the motherhoo...

This article evaluates the pregnancy experiences of American women by comparing their spontaneous or non-surrogate pregnancies with gestational surrogate pregnancies. Data were collected through structured interviews using an online video platform. In total, 96 conducted. revealed that a woman was more likely to have high-risk during than pregnancy, independent maternal age gravidity (OR 11.4, ...

The article analyzes the Ukrainian experience of carrying out procedure surrogacy. modern world does not stand still constant progress in all spheres human activity has given rise to a large number new rights that have entered fourth generation rights. Surrogacy belongs newest rights, despite fact it long history its origin and development, which can be traced back biblical texts, laws King Ham...

background: using the method “surrogacy” in which a woman accepts to bear and deliver a child for a married couple is considered as a subsidiary method in infertility therapy. this method is relatively new in iran. objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of the women involved in surrogacy and to reveal some issues related to this method. materials and methods: the m...

This commentary takes up Pearl's welcome challenge to clearly articulate the scientific value of principal stratification estimands that we and colleagues have investigated, in the area of randomized placebo-controlled preventive vaccine efficacy trials, especially trials of HIV vaccines. After briefly arguing that certain principal stratification estimands for studying vaccine effects on post-...

The last two decades have seen a lot of development in the area of surrogate marker validation. One of these approaches places the evaluation in a meta-analytic framework, leading to definitions in terms of trial- and individual-level association. A drawback of this methodology is that different settings have led to different measures at the individual level. Using information theory, Alonso et...

Every epidemiologist knows that unmeasured confounding is a serious analytic problem, but practically speaking, there seems to be little one can do about it. In this issue of the Journal, Stürmer et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2007:165:1110-18) offer a novel solution that combines propensity score matching methods with measurement error regression models. They call this technique "propensity score cali...