We ask whether lexical hesitations in spontaneous speech tend to precede words that are difficult to predict. We define predictability in terms of both transition probability and entropy, in the context of an N-gram language model. Results show that transition probability is significantly lower at hesitation transitions, and that this is attributable to both the following word and the word hist...

Wildland fires (or wildfires) occur on all continents except for Antarctica. These fires threaten communities, change ecosystems, destroy vast quantities of natural resources and the cost estimates of the damage done annually is in the billions of dollars. Controlling wildland fires is resource-intensive and there are numerous examples where the resource demand has outstripped resource availabi...

Politics is critical to understanding the pathways a sustainable future. In recent years, scholarly field has emerged, seeking understand whether transitions towards more societies and economies occur and, if so, how they unfold. However, this not always fully incorporated role of politics in shaping discourses, institutions economic visions, or considered regions outside Europe North America. ...