The main argument of this paper is that Natural Language Processing (NLP) does, and will continue to, underlie the Semantic Web (SW), including its initial construction from unstructured sources like the World Wide Web (WWW), whether its advocates realise this or not. Chiefly, we argue, such NLP activity is the only way up to a defensible notion of meaning at conceptual levels (in the original ...

Increasingly, software (SW) in embedded systems can be updated due to the rising share of flashable electronic control units (ECUs). However, current SW installation procedures are insecure: An adversary can install SW in a given ECU without any sender authentication or compatibility assessment. In addition, SW is installed on an all-or-nothing basis: With the installation, the user acquires fu...

The aim is to explain the current issues of HW/SW cosimulation and to introduce a new challenge of HW/SW cosimulation for multiprocessor SoC (MPSoC). Most of the current issues are related to raising abstraction levels of HW/SW cosimulation. Mixed-level cosimulation is explained in a unified manner using a concept of ‘HW/SW interface’. First, abstraction levels in HW/SW cosimulation are explain...

We investigated the effects of applying an external electric field on electronic properties Stone-Wales (SW) defective carbon-boron-nitride nanotubes (CBN) using first principles calculations. The CBN were modeled by introducing Stone–Wales defects in boron-nitride segment (BN-SW), carbon (C-SW), and interface (CBN-SW). Initially, we studied formation energies structural stability for all model...

Saltwater crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, possess lingual salt glands which function to remove excess Na(+) and Cl(-) accumulated as a consequence of living in salt water. Little is known about the nature of ion transport systems in C. porosus salt glands and how these systems respond to an osmotic challenge. In the present study, we examined the distribution and regulation of the Na(+)/K(+)-AT...

PURPOSE To investigate the findings of infrared fundus autofluorescence in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS This study was an observational follow-up of 83 eyes of 80 consecutive patients with CSC recruited from a hospital referral practice. Infrared autofluorescence (IR-AF) findings and those of other clinical studies, including short-wave autofluorescence (SW-AF), f...

With a view to test how the branchial and intestinal tissues of fish, the two sites of metal acquisition, utilize the water-borne ferric [Fe(III)] iron and whether the accumulation of this form of iron influences cellular Na/K gradient in these tissues, the gills and intestines of climbing perch adapted to freshwater (FW) and acclimated to dilute seawater (20 ppt; SW) were analyzed for ouabain-...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae (M.leprae), which is the leading cause of all non-traumatic peripheral neuropathies worldwide. Although both myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells are infected by M.leprae in patients with lepromatous leprosy, M.leprae preferentially invades the non-myelinating Schwann cell...

Transbranchial ammonia gradients and blood acid-base status have been examined in rainbow trout acclimated to fresh water (FW), 33% sea water (33% SW) and sea water (SW) and exposed to 1.0 mmol l-1 total ammonia (TAmm) at pH 7.9 for 24 h. At all three salinities trout maintained large negative (inwardly directed) NH3 and NH4+ gradients throughout the exposure, presumably by active excretion of ...