Multiple genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To study genetic and molecular contributors to the disease process, there is a great need for readily accessible cells with prominent DAergic f...

We have previously demonstrated cleavage of alpha-spectrin by caspase-3 and calpain during apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (Nath, R., Raser, K. J., Stafford, D., Hajimohammadreza, I., Posner, A., Allen, H., Talanian, R. V., Yuen, P., Gilbertsen, R. B., and Wang, K. K. (1996) Biochem. J. 319, 683-690). We demonstrate here that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV) is ...

Secretion of granular glands from the skin of amphibians is a fascinating resource of active substances, particularly for cancer therapy in clinical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A variety of anti-tumor peptides have been isolated from different toads and frogs; however, no anti-tumor peptides are reported in toad venom of Bufo gargarizans. Firstly, soluble fraction from fresh toad ...

Retinoic acid (RA) is known to induce differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Here we show that treatment of two human neuroblastoma cell lines, SY5Y and IMR32, with RA resulted in a fivefold increase of the integrin alpha 1/beta 1 expression. The effect was selective because expression of the alpha 3/beta 1 integrin, also present in these cells, was not increased. The up-regulation of...

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell is a cloned cell line which has many attractive features for the study of neuronal proliferation and neurite outgrowth, because it has receptors for insulin, IGF-I and PDGF. Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids which form an integral part of the plasma membrane of many mammalian cells. They inhibit cell growth mediated by tyrosine kinase re...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors are nec essary for the survival and development of many neuronal cells. Because BDNF and TrkB are expressed in many poor-prognosis neuroblastoma (NB) tumors, we evaluated the role of BDNF in affecting sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated the effects of activation of the BDNF-TrkB signal transduction pathway in two NB ...

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are involved in bitter perception, which is one of the five basic modalities mammals. In this study, a cell co-culture sensor using different proportions Caco-2 cells and SH-SY5Y was proposed. cells, endogenously expressed human T2R38 receptor, T2R16 were co-cultured. Using at constant total concentration 40 K/mL, we designed seven mixtures with [Caco-2]/([Caco-2] ...

This work aims at investigating the neuroprotective effects of neuroglobin (Ngb) in vivo and in vitro. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine Ngb mRNA and protein levels in the mouse cortex after acute and repeated exposure to hypoxia. The cDNAs of mouse Ngb were cloned and transfected into SH-SY5Y cells to examine Ngb function in vitro. Expression of Ngb and mRNA was upregulated in t...

The loss of dopaminergic neurons and the resultant motor impairment are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The SH‑SY5Y cell line is a model of dopaminergic neurons, and allows for the study of dopaminergic neuronal injury. Previous studies have revealed changes in Ether à go‑go 1 (Eag1) potassium channel expression during p53-induced SH‑SY5Y apoptosis, and the regulatory involvement of microRNA‑...

In this study, in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models composed of two different cell types were compared. The aim of our study was to find an alternative human cell line that could be used in BBB models. Inorganic and organic mercury and aluminum were studied as model chemicals in the testing of the system. BBB models were composed of endothelial RBE4 cell line or retinal pigment epithelial ...