نتایج جستجو برای: synaptic terminal

تعداد نتایج: 207353  

Journal: :Advanced Functional Materials 2023

Abstract Traditional machine vision is suffering from redundant sensing data, bulky structures, and high energy consumption. Biological‐inspired neuromorphic systems are promising for compact energy‐efficient vision. Multifunctional optoelectronics enabling multispectrum sensitivity broadband image sensing, feature extraction, computing vital visions. Here, an optoelectronic synapse designed th...

2014
David J. Busch Paul A. Oliphint Rylie B. Walsh Susan M. L. Banks Wendy S. Woods Julia M. George Jennifer R. Morgan

Parkinson's disease is associated with multiplication of the α-synuclein gene and abnormal accumulation of the protein. In animal models, α-synuclein overexpression broadly impairs synaptic vesicle trafficking. However, the exact steps of the vesicle trafficking pathway affected by excess α-synuclein and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore we acutely increased synuclei...

Journal: :Journal of neurophysiology 2004
Nikolai Axmacher Martin Stemmler Dominique Engel Andreas Draguhn Raphael Ritz

The nervous system adapts to experience by changes in synaptic strength. The mechanisms of synaptic plasticity include changes in the probability of transmitter release and in postsynaptic responsiveness. Experimental and neuropharmacological evidence points toward a third variable in synaptic efficacy: changes in presynaptic transmitter concentration. Several groups, including our own, have re...

Journal: :News in physiological sciences : an international journal of physiology produced jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society 2000
M. R. Bennett

Synaptic transmission has traditionally been studied at the level of the entire nerve terminal rather than at one of its constituent boutons. Autonomic ganglia provide preparations for recording from individual boutons, as well as for determining the calcium transients necessary for transmitter release at these boutons. The results suggest a new paradigm for synaptic transmission.

Journal: :Neuron 2011
Ruud F. Toonen Matthijs Verhage

Protein acetylation is mostly known for its role in chromatin remodeling. In this issue, Miśkiewicz and colleagues reveal a novel function of acetylation at the nerve terminal, where it regulates T bars and the number of associated synaptic vesicles to ultimately control the efficacy of synaptic transmission.

Journal: :The Journal of Cell Biology 1982
G P Miljanich A R Brasier R B Kelly

During transmitter release, synaptic vesicle membrane is specifically inserted into the nerve terminal plasma membrane only at specialized sites or "active zones." In an attempt to obtain a membrane fraction enriched in active zones, we have utilized the electric organ of the marine ray. From this organ, a fraction enriched in nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was prepared by conventional means. T...

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2009
Clarissa L Waites Christian G Specht Kai Härtel Sergio Leal-Ortiz David Genoux Dong Li Renaldo C Drisdel Okun Jeyifous Juliette E Cheyne William N Green Johanna M Montgomery Craig C Garner

The synaptic insertion of GluR1-containing AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) is critical for synaptic plasticity. However, mechanisms responsible for GluR1 insertion and retention at the synapse are unclear. The synapse-associated protein SAP97 directly binds GluR1 and participates in its forward trafficking from the Golgi network to the plasma membrane. Whether SAP97 also plays a role in ...

Journal: :Neuron 1998
Hisashi Mori Toshiya Manabe Masahiko Watanabe Yasushi Satoh Norimitsu Suzuki Shima Toki Kazuhiro Nakamura Takeshi Yagi Etsuko Kushiya Tomoyuki Takahashi Yoshiro Inoue Kenji Sakimura Masayoshi Mishina

The synaptic localization of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor (GluR) channel is a prerequisite for synaptic plasticity in the brain. We generated mutant mice carrying the carboxy-terminal truncated GluR epsilon2 subunit of the NMDA receptor channel. The mutant mice died neonatally and failed to form barrelette structures in the brainstem. The mutation greatly decreased th...

Journal: :Neuron 2005
Takashi Hayashi Gavin Rumbaugh Richard L. Huganir

Modification of AMPA receptor function is a major mechanism for the regulation of synaptic transmission and underlies several forms of synaptic plasticity. Post-translational palmitoylation is a reversible modification that regulates localization of many proteins. Here, we report that palmitoylation of the AMPA receptor regulates receptor trafficking. All AMPA receptor subunits are palmitoylate...

Journal: :Archives of histology and cytology 1991
T Kadota M Fujita K Kadota

The distribution of synaptophysin, a major protein of the synaptic vesicle membrane, was immunocytochemically examined in the rat cerebellar cortex. A monoclonal antibody against synaptophysin recognized the epitope to be present in the presynaptic membranous structures including synaptic vesicles, presynaptic membrane, coated vesicles, and vacuoles of endocytotic origin. In the nerve terminal ...

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