Hyponatremia has been recognized as an important postoperative metabolic complication after central nervous system (CNS) operations in children. If not appropriately treated, the postoperative hyponatremia can cause several types of CNS and circulatory disorders such as cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure. The postoperative hyponatremia after CNS surgery has been considered as one o...

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by euvolemic hyponatremia. Patients with SIADH continue to drink normal amounts of fluid, despite plasma osmolalities well below the physiological osmotic threshold for onset of thirst. The regulation of thirst has not been previously studied in SIADH. We studied the characteristics of osmotically stimulated thirst and ...

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is characterized by severe natriuresis and volume depletion in the presence of cerebral pathology. In literature, there are few reports about tuberculous meningitis and cerebral CSWS. In this article, we report two tuberculous meningitis cases with CSWS and present a review of the literature on this topic. Cerebral salt wasting diagnosis was based on hypona...

The kidney and the brain play a major role in maintaining normal homeostasis of the extracellular fluid by neuroendocrine regulation of sodium and water balance. Therefore, disturbances of sodium balance are common in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and clinicians should focus not only on the CNS lesion, but also on the potentially deleterious complications. Hyponatremia is...

Dysregulation of the neuroendocrine system is a frequent complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Symptoms of these hormonal abnormalities might be subtle and thus easily ignored. Hyponatremia usually indicates underlying disorders that disrupt fluid homeostasis. In most patients with TBI, hyponatremia is a feature of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion ...

A 5-year-old female Chihuahua was presented for acute collapse. Laboratory examinations showed markedly elevated levels of hepatobiliary enzymes. Empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial infection of the liver was ineffective. The clinical signs worsened with the development of hyponatremia with hypoosmolality and elevated urine sodium levels. The dog was suspected of having acute cholangiohepa...

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a potential cause of hyponatremia of the central nervous system (CNS). Although SIADH has been reported to be associated with many other central nervous disorders, its association with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or NMO spectrum disorders are rare. NMO is a demyelinating disorder characterized by optic neuritis and transvers...

Recently, chronic hyponatremia, even mild, has shown to be associated with poor quality of life and high mortality. The mechanism by which hyponatremia contributes those symptoms, however, remains elucidated. Syndrome inappropriate secretion antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a primary cause hyponatremia. Appropriate animal models are crucial for investigating the pathophysiology SIADH. A rat mode...