We solve two open problems concerning syntactic complexity: We prove that the cardinality of the syntactic semigroup of a left ideal or a suffix-closed language with n left quotients (that is, with state complexity n) is at most n n−1 + n − 1, and that of a two-sided ideal or a factor-closed language is at most n n−2 + (n − 2)2 n−2 + 1. Since these bounds are known to be reachable, this settles...

— Some synchronizing properties of"very pure" subsemigroups ofafree semigroup are shown by means of an analysis of the properties of their syntactic semigroups. Résumé. — On démontre certaines propriétés de synchronisation pour les sous-semigroupes « très purs » d'un semigroupe libre, en analysant les propriétés de leurs semigroupes syntactiques.

A right ideal is a language L over an alphabet Σ that satisfies L = LΣ∗. We show that there exists a stream (sequence) (Rn | n > 3) of regular right ideal languages, where Rn has n left quotients and is most complex under the following measures of complexity: the state complexities of the left quotients, the number of atoms (intersections of complemented and uncomplemented left quotients), the ...

We give a new proof of Salvati’s theorem that the group language O2 is 2 multiple context free. Unlike Salvati’s proof, our arguments do not use any idea specific to two-dimensions. This raises the possibility that the argument might generalize to On.

The aim of this paper is to examine the kind of evidence that might be adduced in support of relativist semantics of a kind that have recently been proposed for predicates of personal taste, for epistemic modals, for knowledge attributions and for other cases. I shall concentrate on the case of taste predicates, but what I have to say is easily transposed to the other cases just mentioned. I sh...

the meaning of an idiomatic expression cannot be transparently worked out from the meanings of its constituent words due to its figurative and unpredictable nature. consequently, the syntactic composition and the structural paradigm of an idiomatic expression are supposed to be the same in every context. however, this is not the case in the institutionalized second language varieties of english...

In this paper we describe the usage of the syntactic parser synt (developed in the NLP Centre at Masaryk University) to gain information about syntactic structures (such as noun or verb phrases) of common sentences in Czech. These structures are from the analysis point of view usually identical to nonterminals in the grammar used by the parser to find possible valid derivations of the given sen...

The task of syntactic pattern recognition has aroused the interest of researchers for several decades. The power of the syntactic approach comes from its capability in exploiting the sequential characteristics of the data. In this work, we propose a new method for syntactic recognition of handwritten characters. The main strengths of our method are its low run-time and space complexity. In the ...

In the current project, we aim at developing an approach for automatically answering whyquestions (why-QA). In the present paper, we investigate the relevance of linguistic analysis for why-QA. We focus on two tasks: the use of syntactic information for answer type determination and the use of discourse structure for the extraction of possible answers from retrieved documents. For answer type d...