In this paper, we present a new method of representing the Surface syntactic structure of a sentence. Trees have usually been used in linguistics and natural language processing to represent syntactic structures of a sentence. A tree structure shows only one possible syntactic parse of a sentence, but in order to choose a correct parse, we need to examine all possible tree structures one by one...

State-of-the-art statistical sentence generators deal with isomorphic structures only. Therefore, given that semantic and syntactic structures tend to differ in their topology and number of nodes, i.e., are not isomorphic, statistical generation saw so far itself confined to shallow, syntactic generation. In this paper, we present a series of fine-grained classifiers that are essential for data...

In this paper we examine prosodic and syntactic segmentation of spoken Finnish language. Syntactic sentence or clause is generally mentioned as one of the basic units of language, but it can be questioned whether it is a good unit for analysing the structure of spontaneous speech. By wavelet-based analysis, the prosodic structure of speech can be represented as a tree diagram, making it possibl...

Syntactic trees, or phrase markers, have originally been suggested as a representation of syntax in the mind based on purely linguistic grounds. In this paper, the psychological reality of syntactic trees and hierarchical ordering is explored from another perspective--that of the neuropsychology of language breakdown. The study reported here examined several syntactic domains that rely on diffe...

Syntactic transformation based(ST) steganography performs embedding operations of secret information by meaning-preserving syntactic transformations into sentences of a text. The syntactic transformations caused the difference of the occurrence frequency among different semantically equivalent syntactic structures vary between the cover texts and stego texts. A steganalysis method is therefore ...

0. Introduction In the past four decades, the field of sentence processing research has generated a number of models of the incremental operation of the human sentence processor. One assumption common to most of these theories is that the difficulty of a word is determined by the possible syntactic structures of the preceding words, and thus, the difficulty of a word should be unaffected by ung...

The flexibility of Korean NP structures has been well-observed, but there have been few attempts to provide precise syntactic structures. This paper first reviews the basic distributional properties of Korean prenominal expressions as well as constraints in ordering, and then sketches a constraint-based, lexicalist analysis for Korean NP structures. Arguing for surface-based syntactic structure...

The flexibility of Korean NP structures has been well-observed, but there have been few attempts to provide precise syntactic structures. This paper at first reviews the basic distributional properties of Korean prenominal expressions as well as constraints in ordering, and then sketches a constraint-based, lexicalist analysis for Korean NP structures. Arguing for surface-based syntactic struct...

Annotated word structures are useful for various Chinese NLP tasks, such as word segmentation, POS tagging and syntactic parsing. Chinese word structures are often represented by binary trees, the nodes of which are labeled with syntactic categories, due to the syntactic nature of Chinese word formation. It is desirable to refine the annotation by labeling nodes of word structure trees with mor...

Interaction Grammars are a grammatical formalism based on the notion of polarities. Polarities express the resource sensitivity of natural languages by modelling the distinction between saturated and unsaturated syntactic structures. A sentence’s syntactic composition is represented as an “electrostatic” process guided by the neutralization of polarities. At the heart of the formalism, there is...