BACKGROUND The Japanese Government settled a class litigation case with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers who claim to have been infected through needle/syringe sharing in childhood mass vaccination with a blanket compensation agreement. However, it is difficult to estimate how many of the present HBV carriers were infected horizontally from mass vaccination and how many were infected vertically...

Seamless and minimally invasive three-dimensional interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non-planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this cha...

OBJECTIVE In the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, staff receive considerable radiation exposure to the hands during withdrawal of activity from the elution vial, from a combination of the syringe and elution vial activities. In an attempt to reduce the radiation burden to the hands, a simple technique was developed that utilizes a modified lead pot lid and a syringe bearing a long needle wi...

Abstract This study compared a field versus reference laboratory technique for extracting (syringe vs. centrifuge) and analyzing sweat [Na(+)] and [K(+)] (compact Horiba B-722 and B-731, HORIBA vs. ion chromatography, HPLC) collected with regional absorbent patches during exercise in a hot-humid environment. Sweat samples were collected from seven anatomical sites on 30 athletes during 1-h cycl...

PURPOSE To describe an intravitreal injection technique using a commercially available 29-gauge insulin needle syringe (29GN syringe) and a 21-gauge (G) needle, comparing compound waste associated with this technique application and the one described in ranibizumab (Lucentis) kit instructions. METHODS Ten 0.3 ml doses of distilled water were aspirated using the 29GN syringe and 21G needle (PT...

OBJECTIVE Oral syringes are the preferred method for delivering paediatric enteral drugs; however, little is known about factors affecting accuracy, particularly at volumes <5 mL. We investigated volumetric accuracy for enteral syringes, using commercially available liquid drug formulations with various physicochemical properties at clinically relevant volumes. DESIGN In vitro experiment. I...

INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effect of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multi-step experimental study, percent dilution ratios (PDRs) and final heparin concentrations (FHCs) were calculated by gravimetric method for determining the effect of syringe volume (1, 2, 5 and 10 mL), needle s...