The Turkmen horse is one of the oldest and purest breeds in the world. There is no information with regards to the normal echocardiographic parameters of this horse regarding to cardiac diseases. Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography was performed on 42 clinically normal 3- to 15-year-old racing Turkmen horses. There were 26 stallions and 16 mares. The left ventricular isovolumetric contrac...

SUMMARY The relationships between the systolic time intervals determined from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, the phonocardiogram, the carotid arterial pulse tracing, and direct measures of left ventricular performance as assessed angiographically by measurement of left ventricular stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were studied in 68 pa...