Vallduví (1992, Vallduví & Engdahl 1996) proposes a threefold partition of information structure on the sentence level: Links, Tails and Foci, where Links and Tails correspond to the notion of background (Jackendoff 1990), while Foci and Tails correspond to what has been called the comment in topic-comment structures (e.g., Reinhart 1995). Vallduví’s account is implemented in file change semant...

Modern birds are derived from a group of carnivorous bipedal dinosaurs known as theropods, with which they share many morphological characteristics [1-7]. For this reason cursorial birds have been widely used as models for understanding the locomotion of their non-avian ancestors (non avian theropods) [8-11]. In our research we have demonstrated that chickens grown with artificial tails exhibit...

Nucleoli in some large yolky oocytes of Plethodon cinerens and Ascaphus truei have attached to them a filament which may or may not have a beaded appearance. These filaments have been called ' nucleolar tails'. One nucleus may contain several hundred of them. They may be up to 200 /tm long and are usually about 1 /tm wide. The beads which are sometimes attached to the filament are round, refrac...

Histone tails and their epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in gene expression regulation by altering the architecture of chromatin. However, the structural mechanisms by which histone tails influence the interconversion between active and inactive chromatin remain unknown. Given the technical challenges in obtaining detailed experimental characterizations of the structure of chromatin,...

After fusing with the plasma membrane, enveloped poxvirus virions form actin-filled membranous protrusions, called tails, beneath themselves and move toward adjacent uninfected cells. While much is known about the host and viral proteins that mediate formation of actin tails, much less is known about the factors controlling release. We found that the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 localiz...