____________________________ The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the College of Business Administration at the University of Rhode Island. We would like to thank Tian Xiao at NAIC for useful comments and Xuanjuan Chen, doctoral student at University of Rhode Island, for computational assistance. We also thank participants at the 2003 Western Risk and Insurance Conference. ...

In this paper, we dealt with substantial asset analysis methodology applied to twodimensional asset classification and qualitative evaluation method according to the business process. Most of the existent risk analysis methodology and tools presented classification by asset type and physical evaluation by a quantitative method. We focused our research on qualitative evaluation with 2-dimensiona...

In developed economies, production requires not only such traditional factors as capital and labor but also skills, organizational structures and processes, culture, and other factors collectively referred to as " intangible assets. " Detailed investigation of some of these types of assets has found that they are often large in magnitude and have important productivity benefits. For example, Da...

Financial flexibility refers to the ability of a firm respond effectively unanticipated shocks its cash flows or investment opportunities and is key factor in sustainable development enterprise. This article explores effect financial on enterprise performance Taiwan’s manufacturing industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Data for first second quarter 2020 from companies listed Taiwan Stock Exchange ...

Abstract Can artificial intelligence (AI) raise productivity? If we regard AI as a combination of software, hardware, and database use, then it can be modelled the deployment intangible tangible assets. Since some are measured not, conventional productivity analysis might miss contribution AI. We set out whether there is any evidence to support this view.