ABSTRACT. This paper argues that truth values of sentences containing predicates of “personal taste” such as fun or tasty must be relativized to individuals. This relativization is of truth value only, and does not involve a relativization of semantic content: If you say roller coasters are fun, and I say they are not, I am negating the same content which you assert, and directly contradicting ...

Every day, individuals make dozens of choices between an alternative with higher overall value and a more tempting but ultimately inferior option. Optimal decision-making requires self-control. We propose two hypotheses about the neurobiology of self-control: (i) Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and (ii) exercis...

1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in single neurons in this cortical area before, while, and after cynomolgous macaque monkeys were fed t...

Taste is the most crucial organoleptic parameter affecting patient compliance in case of drugs with poor palatability. masking a major challenge for development orally ingested active pharmaceutical constituents industry. Numerous conventional taste-masking techniques have been extensively studied. In parallel, drug solubility or release concern techniques. Recently, many nanocarrier systems in...

Taste is one of the main factors determining food choices. Differences in PROP bitter taste perception have been implicated in individual differences in food preferences and selection. The present study examined associations between, PROP phenotypes, self-reported food liking and TAS2R38 polymorphisms, the major gene implicated in PROP bitterness, in six different populations of the Caucasus an...

The anterior insula contains the primary taste cortex, in which neurons in primates respond to different combinations providing a distributed representation of different prototypical tastes, oral texture including fat texture, and oral temperature. These taste neurons do not represent food reward value, in that feeding to satiety does not reduce their responses to zero, in contrast to the next ...

Synaptic connections in rat taste buds closely resemble synapses found in the CNS. Taste bud synapses are characterized by parallel, apposed, thickened membranes that are separated by a cleft ranging from 16 to 30 nm. The putative synaptic vesicles are of two types: small, clear vesicles (40–70 nm) and large, dense-cored vesicles (90–120 nm). The small, clear vesicles predominate at most synaps...