The twin-arginine translocase (Tat) system is a recently discovered pathway which transports proteins in bacteria and chloroplasts. This system only translocates proteins with a cleavable N-terminal signal peptide with the distinctive twin-arginine (RR) motif, which is crucial to Tat function. Here, site-directed mutagenesis of the signal peptide of the Tat substrate TorA-GFP which has a triple...

Numerous crystal- and microstructural-level mechanisms are at play in the formation of hotspots, which known to govern high explosives initiation behavior. Most these mechanisms, including pore collapse, interfacial friction, shear banding, involve both compressive work done within material have thus far remained difficult separate. We assess hotspots formed shocked crystal–crystal interfaces u...