Top income inequality, defined as the income gap within the top 1% income group, has been rising in the United States since the 1980s. Coinciding with this rise, the large reductions in the topmarginal tax rate exhibit a strong correlation with the increase in both top income inequality and top income shares. This paper identifies endogenous human capital accumulation as the link between change...

the aim of this study was to examine dimensions of tax exemptions in iran sport from viewpoints of managers of sport clubs and sport experts. the research method was descriptive and correlation. statistical population included the managers of sport clubs and sport experts in three provinces of tehran, isfahan and fars. sample of managers were equal to the statistical population (n=n=25) and the...

When comparing the average citation impact of research groups, universities and countries, field normalisation reduces the influence of discipline and time. Confidence intervals for these indicators can help with attempts to infer whether differences between sets of publications are due to chance factors. Although both bootstrapping and formulae have been proposed for these, their accuracy is u...

e-commerce that has undergone an increasing trend in recent years has been regarded as the modern method for transfer of information and economic exchange.   this phenomenon brings about massive changes in most of relations between various economic institutions. such changes have also occurred in tax systems. hence, the present research aims to investigate effect of e-commerce on tax structure ...

If conventional instruments of strategic trade policy are unavailable, the system of foreign profit taxation and transfer price guidelines may serve as surrogate policy instruments. In this paper, I consider a model where firms from two countries compete with each other on a third market. I analyze optimal policy choices of the firms’ residence countries aiming at strategically manipulating the...

while economic deterrence models are fully based on maximizing economic utility; social psychology models explain human behavior by examining the underlying attitudes, norms and beliefs. tax morale is defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes. however, determinants of tax morale need to be investigated for a more comprehensive understanding of tax morale. in this paper we analyze the mos...

BACKGROUND In patients with bronchial obstruction, pulmonary function tests may not change significantly after intervention. The airflow asynchrony in both lungs due to unilateral bronchial obstruction may be applicable as a physiological indicator. The airflow asynchrony is reflected by the difference in the left and right lung sound development at tidal breathing. OBJECTIVES To investigate ...

abstract: the tax capacity is one of the main concepts in public finance and provides the required information on state economic power in mobilizing the tax resources for responding the financial problems and execution of economic policies. for this purpose, the main objective of this paper is to estimate the tax capacity for oil exporting countries over the period of 1995-2008 by applying pane...