Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the major cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Although quantitative (real-time) reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for detecting HuNoVs, it only detects the presence of viral RNA and does not indicate viral infectivity. Human blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been identified as receptors/co-receptors for both HuNoVs and Tulane virus (TV...

  Twelve (Experiment I) and four (Experiment II) multiparous dairy cows seronegative to pestivirus were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group which did not become infected or a treatment group in which all cows became infected following intranasal inoculation 9 days before AI. The experimental induction of infection was carried out with 2 ml of non-cytopathic pestivirus (BVD ...

  Twelve (Experiment I) and four (Experiment II) multiparous dairy cows seronegative to pestivirus were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group which did not become infected or a treatment group in which all cows became infected following intranasal inoculation 9 days before AI. The experimental induction of infection was carried out with 2 ml of non-cytopathic pestivirus (BVD ...

Abstract: Influenza virus is the most important cause of annual morbidities and mortalities worldwide with numerous antigenic drifts and shifts. Inaccessibility to effective drugs and vaccines has made world health authorities to be interested in traditional medicine in order to prevent spread of the infectious agent. Garlic is one of the most famous of all plants in human history. It has bee...

By pretreatment with concanavalin A (Con A) both in vivo and in vitro genetically susceptible mice and their cultured macrophages have been converted to animals and cells which are phenotypically resistant to mouse hepatitus virus (MHV). Con A at 1.0 mg/mouse decreased the mortality from 100% to less than 40% by inducing a prominent inflammatory response, increasing the number of macrophages in...

In 2 separate experiments the blood-feeding fly Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi) failed to transmit foot-and-mouth disease virus when transferred from viraemic (log 2,6-log 4,3 MLD50 or TCID50/ml) to susceptible cattle. Each experiment involved 2 susceptible and 2 viraemic animals housed in separate stables and 2,000-4,000 flies of which most had fed on viraemic hosts 120 min prior to transfe...

Abstract Background In this historical period, it has become very important to live in healthy environments. By using everyday objects, cross-contamination is possible because of prolonged microbial persistence on surfaces. UV-C irradiation an environmentally friendly method disinfect objects as no harmful chemicals or heat are involved. This study aims determine the virucidal activity, against...

Abbreviations: FVIII/vWF: Complex of Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor; MW: Molecular Weight; NDF: Number of Degree of Freedom; S/D: Solvent/Detergent; LEV/LEVs: Virus (es) Enveloped by Lipid Membrane; NLEV/NLEVs: Non-enveloped Virus (es); IFA method: Method of Immune-fermental Analysis; FITC: Fluorescein Isothiocyanate; RT-PCR method: Real-time PCR Method; TCID50: 50% Tissue Culture Infect...