While earlier studies have pointed out that short-lived TCP flows (mice) may hurt long-lived TCP flows (elephants) in the long term, they provide insufficient insight for developing scenarios leading to drastic drop in throughputs of long-lived TCP flows. We have systematically developed TCP adversarial scenarios where we use short-lived TCP flows to adversely influence long-lived TCP flows. Ou...

This document specifies the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO), which obsoletes the TCP MD5 Signature option of RFC 2385 (TCP MD5). TCP-AO specifies the use of stronger Message Authentication Codes (MACs), protects against replays even for long-lived TCP connections, and provides more details on the association of security with TCP connections than TCP MD5. TCP-AO is compatible with either a st...

Over few decades, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been employed for developing the major Internet applications. Eventhough of which TCP has some major challenging issues when it operates in the Wireless Networks (WN). Some of the issues are identified from the existing techniques which are Packet Dropping Rate (PDR) and Packet Reception Time (PRT). The identified issues are mainly u...

Wireless links are characterized by high bit error rates and intermittent connectivity. These can significantly degrade the performance (goodput) of TCP over wireless networks since non-congestion related packet losses can be misinterpreted by TCP as indications of network congestion, resulting in unnecessary congestion controls, and thus a reduced goodput. In this paper, we propose a technique...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on the biological performance of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composite scaffolds by using in vitro degradation and an in vivo model of heterotopic bone formation. Nano-sized β-TCP (nβ-TCP) was prepared with a wet grinding method from micro-sized β-TCP (mβ-TCP), and composite scaffolds containing...

To determine the competitive adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons on aquifer medium, toluene, benzene, 1,2−dichloropropane, 1,2,3−trichloropropane (TCP) were selected as typical pollutants for tests. The results showed that process medium conformed to first−order kinetic Henry linear model equation, capacity decreased in order TCP. Benzene prom...

TCP-over-OBS is a promising transport paradigm to support next-generation Internet. It is well-known that loadbalanced routing generally improves loss performance over OBS. We identify that implementing TCP over load-balanced OBS could lead to persistent out-of-order delivery of TCP segments, resulting in unnecessary timeouts and fast retransmissions. In this paper we evaluate the performance o...

TCP is the most widely used transport protocol originally designed for wired networks. But many experiments have shown that its performance is poor when used in wireless networks. Also improving its performance in wired-cum-wireless networks preserving the end-to-end nature of TCP is a difficult task. To address this issue, several new protocols and TCP modifications have been proposed. Snoop i...

This document specifies the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO), which obsoletes the TCP MD5 Signature option of RFC 2385 (TCP MD5). TCP-AO specifies the use of stronger Message Authentication Codes (MACs), protects against replays even for long-lived TCP connections, and provides more details on the association of security with TCP connections than TCP MD5. TCP-AO is compatible with either a st...