Two definitions of virtual age are considered. The first one is based on the fact that a system’s deterioration depends on an environment. In a more severe environment deterioration is more intensive and, therefore, the corresponding virtual age is larger than the calendar age. The second approach defines virtual age at the moment of switching from one regime to another. It is shown that both d...

The paper reports on the effects of one-sided imperfect information on bidding behaviour in simultaneous and sequential first-price auctions of non-identical objects when bidders have multi-unit demands. The analysis provides the following four main results. First, when different objects are to be sold in sequence, the seller maximises her expected revenues by selling the most valuable object f...

Most visualization techniques have traditionally used 2D, instead of 3D representations to visualize multidimensional and multivariate data. In this paper, a way to demonstrate the underlying superiority of 3D, with respect to 2D representations, is proposed. Specifically, it is based on the inevitable quality degradation produced when reducing the data dimensionality. The problem is tackled fr...

Bilinguals’ need to monitor and inhibit non-relevant languages over a relevant one confers advantage in cognitive control. No studies have demonstrated that the dual-language control process directly contributes to the bilingual cognitive advantage. We utilized a novel language control manipulation paradigm where 83 English-Chinese bilingual adults completed a reading and comprehension task in ...

We show that small switching costs can have surprisingly dramatic effects in infinitely repeated games if these costs are large relative to payoffs in a single period. This shows that the results in Lipman and Wang [2000] do have analogs in the case of infinitely repeated games.

Some engineering applications require structures to expand and contract in size, while retaining their exterior shape. The applications range from mundane daily life objects to more fancy art structures. In contrast to a multi degree-of-freedom structure, a single degree-of-freedom structure can be driven by a single actuator, reducing cost and simplifying the control. In this paper, we study s...

In this paper, we examine role exchange in multiagenty. After defining the utility that reflects an agent’s orientation toward role exchange, I.e., Role Exchange Value (REV) and the agent’s Individual Utility Gain (IUG), we present two theorems and two corollaries that capture properties of proposed utility-based role exchange. Then, we provide an algorithm that predicts IUG for each agent in r...

There have been a small number of cost studies of Voice over IP (VoIP) in the academic literature. Generally, they have been for abstract networks, have not been focused on the public switched telephone network, or they have not included the operating costs. This paper presents the operating cost portion of our ongoing research project comparing circuit-switched and IP network costs for an exis...

This paper addresses the issue of achieving energy efficiency in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets). The use of sleep control strategy and distance based energy requirement enables us to achieve optimized energy efficiency. The proposed system connects to the problem of heterogeneity and finds solution to the balance in terms of communication distance based energy requirement, the networ...

Open innovation is based on a different knowledge landscape, with a different logic about the sources and uses of ideas. It implies that firms increasingly rely on external sources of innovation by emphasizing these ideas and resources. Recently, really good ideas are coming from outside the organization, especially in the high-tech industry. Using datasets from the UK biotechnology industry, t...