Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic used in the treatment of disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Prostaglandins have a significant stimulatory effect on established labor; because indomethacin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, this agent is also used in the treatment of preterm labor. Like other prostaglandin...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of women of childbearing potential who are prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), or HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) and to determine the number of documented teratogenic risk discussions (risk documentation) before and after educational interventions. METH...

We report on the first Helpline for pharmacists dealing with the safety of medications in pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Pharmacists from all parts of Canada participated in this pilot, receiving guidance in approximately 90% of cases. There were 472 inquiries relating to 598 products with regards to safety in pregnancy and 197 calls relating to 249 products regarding exposure in breastfee...

Between days 9.5 and 10, the forelimb buds of developing murine embryos progress from stage 1 which are just beginning to express shh and whose posterior mesoderm has only weak polarizing activity to stage 2 limbs with a distinguishable shh expression domain and full polarizing activity. We find that exposure on day 9.5 to teratogens that induce the loss of posterior skeletal elements disrupts ...

A wide spectrum of the teratogenic effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) have been reported involving multiple tissues and organ systems of animals, but more population based studies may still be essential to conclusively demonstrate teratogenicity of CP in humans. However, a number of studies demonstrate that CP is a human teratogen due to its effects such as intrauterine growth retardation and mul...

Nanomaterials are particles with 10 to100 nanometer size. They can easily be transportedthrough the skin, lung alveoli, and placenta. Materials in nano scales show different propertiescompared with the same materials in macro or larger scale. It is found that zinc element is anessential metal for normal physiological functions. However increase or decrease of this elementduring pregnancy, for e...

The most widely used systems for categorizing drug risk during pregnancy in the United States are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Teratogen Information System (TERIS) pregnancy risk classifications. Controlled data on using medications during pregnancy and lactation are lacking, making firm recommendations more difficult. Only fair agreement on risk category assignment exists when co...

The substance procarbazine (Natulan®) is a teratogen known to induce cleft palates in rats on day 14 post-conception. The application of thiocyanate (SCN-) alone to rats on day 10 and 14 of pregnancy had no effects on fetal bone maturation. However, when procarbazine was used, the maturation and growth of fetal bones was delayed. Upon additional application of thiocyanate, the effects of procar...

We report on an isolated chest-wall asymmetry with imaging findings of multiple vertebral and related rib defects in an Ivorian male newborn. He was born of a healthy and young couple without parental lineage, neither family malformative history nor teratogen exposure. This clinical presentation advocates Jarcho-Levin syndrome, a rare sporadic or familial disorder inherited as autosomal dominan...

Background: A 4-month-old boy with prenatal sonography findings consistent with corpus callosum agenesis and ventriculomegaly presented. Patient was born at 37-weeks from 18-yearold woman, gravida 1 para 1. There was no history of teratogen exposure in utero such as radiation, alcohol, drug or postnatal trauma. There was no family history of brain malformations nor chromosomal abnormalities. Cl...