An increase in goat production the tropics have led to continuous competition with humans for food as most protein given conventional feedstuff (Groundnut cake, Palm kernel Soybean) among others are becoming scarce and expensive, thus, there is need find non feeding material which can considerably substitute feed stuff without negative consequences on animal. This research work therefore, was a...

Adsorption of metal ions and dyes from water by cashew nut testa tannin resin (CATAR) was studied the effects temperature, initial pH, concentration time were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal effective adsorption processes. Kinetic studies show that CATAR is complex thermodynamic parameters calculated spontaneous endothermic pollutants onto CA...

Flavonoids, including proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed tannins), play a multitude of roles in plants (Winkel-Shirley, 2001). The presence of certain types of flavonoids in crops is associated with desirable and important agronomic traits, and metabolic engineering of flavonoid biosynthesis has therefore attracted considerable interest (Dixon, 2005). PAs are oligomers or polymers of...

This paper documents the key anatomical features during the development of P. armeniacum zygotic embryos and their ability to germinate asymbiotically in vitro. This study also examines the effect of media and seed pretreatments on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Seeds collected from pods 45 days after pollination (DAP) did not germinate while 95 DAP seeds displayed the highest...

In Arabidopsis, fertilization induces the epidermal cells of the outer ovule integument to differentiate into a specialized seed coat cell type producing extracellular pectinaceous mucilage and a volcano-shaped secondary cell wall. Differentiation involves a regulated series of cytological events including growth, cytoplasmic rearrangement, mucilage synthesis, and secondary cell wall production...