The time courses of the interfacial tension of two interfaces and the electric potential between the donor/membrane/acceptor phases were simultaneously examined using a quasi-elastic laser scattering method, which monitors capillary wave frequencies. An aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a nitrobenzene solution of tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (TPATPB), and an aqu...

The aquatic ecotoxicity of chemicals involved in the manufacturing process of thin film transistor liquid crystal displays was assessed with a battery of four selected acute toxicity bioassays. We focused on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, CAS No. 75-59-2), a widely utilized etchant. The toxicity of TMAH was low when tested in the 72 h-algal growth inhibition test (Pseudokirchneriellia sub...

A number of 5-aryl-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles 5a-f have been synthesized in good yields by the Suzuki coupling reaction between 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (3) and arylboronic acids 4a-f, aided by dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), K(2)CO(3, )and tetrabutylammonium bromide in water at 70-80 degrees C. Compounds 5a-f were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and MS spectra...

The composition of a dynamic mixture of similar 2,2'-bipyridine complexes of iron(II) bearing either an amide (5-benzylamido-2,2'-bipyridine and 5-(2-methoxyethane)amido-2,2'-bipyridine) or an ester (2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid benzylester and 2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid 2-methoxyethane ester) side chain have been evaluated by electrospray mass spectroscopy in acetonitrile. The time...

The template effect of giant polyoxometalates (POM) shows promising results towards the supramolecular design hybrid materials suitable for photocatalytic reactions. Here, we demonstrate a novel synthetic approach covalently grafting xanthene dye eosin Y (EY) to nanoscale Keplerate POM {Mo132} via an organosilicon linker (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, APTMS) in homogeneous regime. Using phase ...

The effective separation of many solutes, including pharmaceuticals, can be performed using an ion-pair reagent (IPR) in the mobile phase. However, chromatographic and mathematical modelling are a challenge ionpair chromatography (IPC), especially preparative mode, due to complicated process. In this study, we present retention mechanism model that predict overloaded concentration profiles IPC ...

a simple, mild and practical procedure has been developed for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers by using dmso, tbai in the presence of k2co3. we extended the utility of  potassium carbonate as an efficient base for the preparation of ethers. a wide range of alkyl aryl and dialkyl ethers are synthesized from treatment of aliphatic alcohols and phenols with various alkyl halid...