Broadly, this paper proposes that both TCs and GDPs are improper movement constructions, where an Ā-movement step precedes an A-movement step in the same movement chain. However, TCs and GDPs are not identical constructions. TCs involve (improper) movement of an overt DP from the embedded clause into the matrix clause, while GDPs involve (improper) movement of a null operator within the embedde...

Telocytes (TCs), a particular interstitial cell type, have been recently described in a wide variety of mammalian organs (www.telocytes.com). The TCs are identified morphologically by a small cell body and extremely long (tens to hundreds of μm), thin prolongations (less than 100 nm in diameter, below the resolving power of light microscopy) called telopodes. Here, we demonstrated with electron...

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) which can inhibit the growth of human choriocarcinoma (JAR) cells. There are no clear mechanisms to discover the interaction pathway and cytotoxicity of TCS in JAR cells. In this paper, we showed the distribution and transport of endogenously expressed TCS in JAR cells. Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein (EGFP), fused with TCS, was a...

Although the clinical relevance of antibiotic treatment in influencing the natural course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated respiratory diseases is questioned by some physicians, most experts suggest that antibiotics should be systematically used in patients with M. pneumoniae respiratory infections, especially those involving the lower respiratory tract. Macrolides (MLs), tetracyclines (TCs)...

Telocytes (TCs) are a particular type of interstitial (stromal) cells defined by very long, moniliform telopodes. Their tissue location, between blood vessels and other cells such as cardiomyocytes (CMC) and neurons, suggests a role in intercellular signalling. In order to define a microRNA (miR) signature in cardiac TCs, we have found that miR-193 is differentially expressed between TCs and ot...

Triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, is identified in serum and urine of humans. Here, we show that the level of urinary TCS in 28.3% patients who had spontaneous abortion in mid-gestation were increased by 11.3-fold (high-TCS) compared with normal pregnancies. Oral administration of TCS (10 mg/kg/day) in mice (TCS mice) caused an equivalent urinary TCS level as those in the high-TCS aborti...

We hypothesized that inhibition of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs) accounts for a portion of the pleural fibrosis and adhesions of tetracycline pleurodesis. MMPs recently have been described in pleural fluid from patients with both exudative and transudative effusions. Since tetracyclines are recognized inhibitors of other metalloproteinases, we investigated their inhibitory capacity...

Abstract Tetracyclines belong to the first broad-spectrum, well-tolerated, and easy-to-administer antibiotics, which are effective against plague, cholera, typhoid, syphilis, Legionnaire’s disease, anthrax. Some can also be used treat malaria, Lyme tuberculosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, leprosy. Humans encountered these chemical species involuntarily in ancient times, as evidenced from ana...

Protein translocation in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and N-glycosylation are fundamental processes essential for the normal functioning of eukaryotic cells. They are the initial steps in the intracellular pathway that are followed by secretory proteins and membrane proteins of the endomembrane system and the plasma membrane. The translocation and concurrent N-glycosylation of these proteins ...

This case study examines three strategic questions that India’s largest software services firm, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), faced in 2003. TCS had pioneered the industry and remained the market leader; of late, its lead over domestic rivals had been slipping, even while much larger multinational rivals were establishing large Indian operations. TCS needed a strategy to move up the software...