Shen, Hong, Guojiang Huang, Mohammed Hadi, Patrick Choy, Manna Zhang, Gerald Y. Minuk, Yongping Chen, and Yuewen Gong. Transforming growth factor1 downregulation of Smad1 gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G539–G546, 2003. First published June 4, 2003; 10.1152/ajpgi.00436.2002.—Smads are intracellular signaling molecules of the transformi...

This research aimed to determine the potential protective effects ofPhaleria macrocarpafruit extracton rat gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol andto clarify the roles of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor1 (TGF) and tumor necrosis factorTNF). Main methods: Seven groups of rats were orally pretreated with Tween20 as vehicle control group; Tween20 as ulcer group; 20 mg/kg of...

This is the first report that characterizes specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) as a potent and selective inhibitor of Smad3 function. In the reporter assay, the increased luciferase activity of p3TP-lux by the overexpression of constitutively active form of ALK-5 was abrogated by the treatment with SIS3 in a dosedependent manner. Immunoprecipitation revealed that SIS3 attenuated the transformin...

CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are anticipated to become the third most common cause of death by 2030 (30). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease that develops as a consequence of preterm birth, remains the main complication of extreme prematurity (19). The long-term consequences of extreme premature birth on lung gr...

encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene, transforming growth factor 1 (TGF1), AP2, and other pathways. Because p21wafl/ciPl, p53, and TGF11 all regulate apoptosis and the cell cycle, we tested the hypothesis that their relative protein levels would correlate with biological features including the survival of non-small cell...

Representing the most numerous nonmyocytes in the myocardium, adult cardiac fibroblasts (and myofibroblasts) function to synthesize fibrillar collagens and thus maintain the integrity of the cardiac extracellular matrix (matrix). Matrix remodeling is manifest as interstitial fibrosis of the remnant heart or the progressive evolution of the structure of the infarct scar in the etiology of post-m...

I nterest in glycobiology was for many years restricted by a lack of information on the functions of glycans (1). The diversity of linkages and branching patterns present in glycans confers on them the ability to carry a great deal of information in very compact structures (2). Glycans conjugated to proteins by -linkage of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the amido group of Asn (N-glycans) and b...

Belaguli NS, Zhang M, Rigi M, Aftab M, Berger DH. Cooperation between GATA4 and TGFsignaling regulates intestinal epithelial gene expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G1520 –G1533, 2007. First published February 8, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00236.2006.—Members of the transforming growth factor(TGF) family have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of gut epith...

Mendonça MC, Koles N, Doi SQ, Sellitti DF. Transforming growth factor1 regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells: dependence on TSC22D1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299: H2018–H2027, 2010. First published August 27, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00656.2010.—C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) possesses nitric oxide-like signaling mechanisms and acti...

Ozawa Y, Kobori H. Crucial role of Rho-nuclear factorB axis in angiotensin II-induced renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293: F100–F109, 2007. First published April 4, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00520.2006.—This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the Rho kinase inhibitor and NFB inhibitor in renal injury of ANG II-infused hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, mai...