OBJECT The authors studied the expression of angiogenic and growth factors and various proliferative indices in cavernous angiomas of the brain. The goal was to define whether the often progressive clinical course of both sporadic and familial forms of the lesion is correlated with different expression of these factors. METHODS Forty-three cavernomas of the brain were investigated with immuno...

The immunological composition of the primary cancer, metastatic sites, and stromal tissue determine cancer progression and treatment response. Breast cancers produce cytokines and chemokines that attract and polarize immune cells in a manner that promotes disease progression and metastasis. For example, macrophages are polarized to anti-inflammatory type II tumor activating macrophages (TAMs), ...

Annick Barre, Jean-Philippe Borges, Stéphanie Caze-Subra, Camille Gironde, Pierre Rougé Université de Toulouse; UPS; UMR 152 Pharma-Dev; Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD); UMR 152 Pharma-Dev; F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations associated with Marfan syndrome-...

Purpose: Increased frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) correlate with poor prognosis in patients with cancers. Tumor-derived prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in inducing MDSCs. However, the detailed mechanisms of this induction remain unknown. To develop targeted therapies forMDSCs, we sought to investigate themolecular basis of PGE2-regulated accumulation of M...

Successful gene therapy depends on stable transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Target cells must cycle to allow integration of Moloney-based retroviral vectors, yet hematopoietic stem cells are quiescent. Cells can be held in quiescence by intracellular cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B blocks association of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4ycy...

As term approaches, a number of key proteins [contraction-associated proteins (CAPs)] are expressed within the human myometrium that are essential for the activation of powerful coordinated contractions during labor. The nature of the signals that switch on the synthesis of CAPs in vivo is not known. The ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca release channel (RyR2) is a CAP whose expression in vi...

T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is positively correlated with survival. Infiltration is not a stable state, but a dynamic process of homing, infiltration, retention and survival. Every step in this process is crucial for the eventual tumor reactive activity of T cells. Our laboratory has previously shown a marked upregulation of retention integrins (RI) CD49a, CD49b and ...

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and lethal pleural cancer that overexpresses transforming growth factor B (TGFB). We investigated the efficacy of a novel small-molecule TGFB type I receptor (ALK5) kinase inhibitor, SM16, in the AB12 syngeneic model of malignant mesothelioma. SM16 inhibited TGFB signaling seen as decreased phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels in cultured AB12 cells (IC50, f200 ...