While type causality helps us to understand general relationships such as the etiology of a disease (smoking causing lung cancer), token causality aims to explain causal connections in specific instantiated events, such as the diagnosis of a patient (Ravi’s developing lung cancer after a 20-year smoking habit). Understanding why something happened, as in these examples, is central to reasoning ...

The paper deals with the explanation of subject metaphilosophy as a philosophical science. main themes and problems are formulated, its interrelation other subjects fields research is clarified. author proposes some methodological principles that essential in dealing such an important problem relationship between doctrine life thinker who created it. This examined through G. Skovoroda. also ide...

A noticeable push toward using agricultural crops for ethanol production and for undertaking research to expand the range of possible biofuels began to dominate discussions of agricultural science and policy in the United States around 2005. This paper proposes two complementary philosophical approaches to examining the philosophical questions that should be posed in connection with this turn o...

The target of this paper is twofold. The first part develops firstly a very general and abstract topic, by describing what philosophy of logic is, when it is embedded in a genuine philosophical system, and it secondly provides an explanation of the reason why intuitionism, assumed as genuine philosophical system, is in total harmony with the contemporary intuitionistic formal logic. This part e...