Abstract. Charcoal accumulated in lake, bog or other anoxic sediments through time has been used to document the geographical patterns changes fire regimes. Such reconstructions are useful explore impact of climate and vegetation on during periods when human influence was less prevalent than today. However, charcoal records only provide semi-quantitative estimates change biomass burning. Here w...

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For the burnt pancake problem, we provide new values of g(−IN ), new hard positions and new experimental optimality ratios.

The extent of the burnt zone has been established by drilling. The thickest section, about 75 metres deep, underlies the Dry Lake gulch near the base of the coal measures. Other profiles of the bllrnt zone give an average thickness of about 25 metres, although thinning and some discontinuity is appartlnt. The present area of the burnt zone amounting to about 3.5 square kilometres is evidently o...

Leaf nutrients of sugarcane variety N16 are discussed and reasons for certain trends put forward. The fertilised versus non-fertilised treatment comparison showed that although where fertiliser was applied that leaf N, P and K were higher, Mn was also higher but Ca, Mg, Si, Zn and Fe were all lower. The trashed versus burnt treatments had a less drastic effect on leaf nutrient levels and it was...

Among Cayley graphs on the symmetric group, some that have noticeably low diameter relative to the number of generators involved are the pancake network, burnt pancake network, and cycle prefix network [1,6,7,8]. Another such Cayley graph is the star network, and constructions have been given for one-to-one and one-tomany low dilation embeddings of hypercubes into star networks [11,12,15]. For ...