the security of contractual relation is the important aims of contract law to the extent that is discussed as one of the fundamental principles in european law. the guarantee to protect is one of the affecting rules to establishing the security of contractual relation that in the iranian civil code under the incomplete influence of islamic and french law, is based on the protection of ownership...

This article aims to set out the historical and legislative backgrounds introduce synopsis of articles included in this special issue addressing Chinese Civil Code (‘CCC’). It does so by first presenting reasons for against introduction CCC. Subsequently, some notable rule changes have been highlighted facilitate a clear understanding further provides evaluations on why CCC was framed as such. ...