After the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. This paper investigates the extent to which Iran's government has been able to achieve thi...

In this paper I describe some of the ways in which landscape ecology principles have been incorporated into land use planning and change. In Scotland we have tried developing landscape-scale or regional plans for land use change to resolve issues of habitat fragmentation – the ‘big plans’ of the title. We have also developed ‘little plans’ – much smaller proposals based on individual designated...

various and complex human activities in geographical contexts need proper ground if at most efficiency is to be achieved. land preparation regulates the relationship between human, space, and human activities. land preparation has various dimensions related to value system, political, scientific, artistic, and defense-security aspects. one of the most important dimensions of land preparation is...

Pathology and Monitoring of Rural Development Policies in Plans: Lessons for Developing Executive the Seventh Plan

background: the population of elderly in iran and in the world is increasing. it is predicted that the population of elderly reaches to 10 millions in iran by the year 2019. elderly more than other age groups are at risk of chronic diseases and health problems; and it affects their self-management and makes them feel disabled. since the knowledge of self-management for iranian elderly is not we...

eBusiness and egovernment initiatives have resulted in tremendous economic development, improvements in quality of life, and operational efficiencies around the globe. However, 50-80% of these initiatives fail in developing countries and also in the underserved sectors of the developed countries (e.g., local governments and small to medium businesses) due to re-invention of the wheel. This docu...

The high ambition end of the GtCO2e (or 5.4 GtCO2e in total), which would bring projected emissions down to about 52 GtCO2e in 2020. In addition some developing countries, notably China and India have national plans which go further than the international commitment or pledges they have put forward. An optimistic interpretation of their climate plans, further 3.6 Gt CO2e reductions, bringing th...

Road construction projects are very expensive, unpredictable and highly influenced by unpredictable factors, like weather, type of soil, environmental issues, and other factors. This has led to difficulties in developing accurate construction plans and modelling the construction operation using a traditional simulation system. In this context, the aim of this research is to create a knowledge d...