Prior research has found that positive affect, compared to negative affect, increases stereotype activation. In four experiments the authors explore whether the link between affect and stereotype activation depends on the relative accessibility of stereotype-relevant thoughts and response tendencies. As well as manipulating mood, the authors measured or manipulated the accessibility of egalitar...

Parasites are ubiquitous in nature and can be costly to animal fitness, so hosts have evolved behavioural counter-strategies to mitigate infection risk. We investigated feeding-related infection-avoidance strategies in Japanese macaques via field-experimentation and observation. We first examined risk sensitivity during foraging tasks involving faecally contaminated or debris-covered food items...

Although theory suggests that guilt motivates approach tendencies and shame motivates avoidance tendencies, research has not always supported these relationships. The present study examined the degree to which shame and guilt are uniquely predictive of avoidance and approach motives, respectively, for both self-caused and other-caused wrongdoings. Results revealed that shame and guilt are more ...

In this paper we propose a methodology to help analyse tendencies in MAS to complement those of simple inspection, Monte Carlo and syntactic proof. We suggest an architecture that allows an exhaustive model-based search of possible system trajectories in significant fragments of a MAS using forward inference. The idea is to identify tendencies, especially emergent tendencies, by automating the ...

It has been found in vowel imitation studies that subjects' responses to steadystate isolated vowels from an acoustic continuum exhibit categorical tendencies: Some adjacent vowels are responded to more similarly than others, and the distribution of formant frequencies in the total set of responses is decidedly nonuniform. The present study investigated whether these tendencies originate in per...

Contextual modeling is a critical issue in scene understanding. Object detection accuracy can be improved by exploiting tendencies that are common among object configurations. However, conventional contextual models only exploit the tendencies of normal objects; abnormal objects that do not follow the same tendencies are hard to detect through contextual model. This paper proposes a novel gener...

political evolutions and struggles of 19th century prepared the ground for realization of nationalities and emergence of nationalist movements. the realization of national identity in countries such as iran, turkey and egypt was partly due to the emphasis of governments on glorious history or ancient modernity of these nations. emergence of nationalism in any country is affected by political, ...

This study examined the associations among self-concept clarity, thin-ideal internalization, appearance-related social comparison tendencies, and body dissatisfaction. Female university students (N=278) completed self-report measures of these constructs. Structural equation modeling revealed several key findings: (a) thin-ideal internalization mediated the link between appearance-related social...

Expanding upon Simon’s (1955) seminal theory, this investigation compared the choice-making strategies of maximizers and satisficers, finding that maximizing tendencies, although positively correlated with objectively better decision outcomes, are also associated with more negative subjective evaluations of these decision outcomes. Specifically, in the fall of their final year in school, studen...

Signatures of nonlinear dynamics are analyzed by studying the phase-space tendencies of a global baroclinic, quasi-geostrophic, three-level (QG3) model with topography. Nonlinear, stochastic, low-order prototypes of the full QG3 model are constructed in the phase space of this model’s empirical orthogonal functions using the empirical model reduction (EMR) approach. The phase-space tendencies o...