People-Nearby Applications (PNAs) are becoming popular day by day. People try to find new ways for increasing their social circle according to their interests. PNAs provide people with a best way to find new people within one’s physical vicinity by applying activities and interests filters. A large number of people using PNAs complain about privacy issues and fake users. Another big concern of ...

In this issue Health by Numbers explores asthma hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visit rates in relation to Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) goals. Two HP2010 objectives for asthma are specific to hospitalizations and ED visits. Objective 24-2 sets the following targets for asthma hospitalizations by age group: (1) an age-specific rate of 25 per 10,000 children under age 5 years, (2) ...

AI systems are now or will soon be sophisticated enough to make consequential decisions. Although this technology has flourished, we also need public appraisals of AI systems playing these more important roles. This article reports surveys of preferences for and against AI systems making decisions in various domains as well as experiments that intervene on these preferences. We find that these ...

This chapter introduces a novel framework for modeling interacting humans in a multi-stage game. This “iterated semi network-form game” framework has the following desirable characteristics: (1) Bounded rational players, (2) strategic players (i.e., players account for one another’s reward functions when predicting one another’s behavior), and (3) computational tractability even on real-world s...

The evolution of opinions in a population of individuals who constantly interact with a common source of user-generated content (i.e. the internet) and are also subject to propaganda is analyzed using computer simulations. The model is based on the bounded confidence approach. In the absence of propaganda, computer simulations show that the online population as a whole is either fragmented, pol...

Throughout history, nature has exposed humans to destructive phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, and tropical and marine storms. The large scale of damages and casualties caused by natural disasters around the world has led to extensive applied research in the field of preparation and development of a comprehensive system for disaster management to mi...

the democratic system is applied by three methods; by the representatives of people (indirect or representative democracy); by the people and their representative; and by the people themselves. in the constitution of the countries who accepted the national sovereignty doctrine the people's regime will be only applied by their representatives (like members of parliament, primeminister, the ...

social revivalism and fighting against the stagnation that entangles societies are the main reasons for nation's awakening and their freedom from colonizers and oppressors. the renowned tunisian poet, abu al-qāsim al-shābbi, has called for uprising and awakening of people throughout his poetry book and has asked people not to be indifferent about what is going on around them. in this book,...

lN MAY, 1971 THE SINGAPORE GOVERNMENT CAUSED AN ENGLISHlanguage newspaper, The Singapore Herald, to cease publication. Although its circulation was considerably less than the long-established Straits Times, in its year of existence the Herald had gained many loyal readers. They looked to the Herald for balU?ced, critical commentary on national affairs, something rarely found in the Times, at le...