There is a mediolateral gradient in activation of the parasternal intercostal (PI) muscle during inspiration. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that serotonergic [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] input from descending central drive and/or intrinsic size-related properties of PI motoneurons leads to the differential activation of PI muscles. In dogs, PI motoneurons innervating the medial...

The current and future strength of the terrestrial carbon sink has a crucial influence on the expected climate warming on Earth. Usually, Earth Observation (EO) by its very nature focusses on diagnosing the current state of the planet. However, it is possible to use EO products in data assimilation systems to improve not only the diagnosis of the current state, but also the accuracy of future p...

A major characteristic of dynamic regions or sets of dynamic regions is that external exports and imports are very significant in comparison with internally generated flows. Yet, it is precisely these flows of external exports and imports that are not evaluated in conventional regional input-output (I-O) analysis. The conventional approach merely determines internal flows of intermediate inputs...

1. INTRODUCTION Hybrid input-output models combine nonsurvey techniques for estimating regional direct requirements tables with superior data, which are obtained from experts, surveys, and other reliable sources (primary or secondary). Such data can be added at any stage of model construction. To date, hybrid model production has been defined only in very general terms. Elsewhere (Lahr, 1993), ...

Input-output models are useful tools for regional science owing to their ability to capture many of the distinguishing features of a regional economy. Since input-output tables are hard to find at the regional level, many researchers adopt nonsurvey techniques to derive regional input-output tables (RIOTs). Numerous methods have been suggested and this has spawned a stream of literature compari...